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Sociology Chapter 1
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- 1Sociological PerspectiveUnderstanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context.
- 2SocietyPeople who share a culture and a territory.
- 3Social LocationThe group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society.
- 4SociologyThe scientific study of society and human behavior.
- 5PositivismThe application of the scientific approach to the social world.
- 6Class ConflictMarx's term for the struggle between capitalists and workers.
- 7BourgeoisieMarx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of production.
- 8ProletariatMarx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production.
- 9Patterns of BehaviorRecurring behaviors or events.
- 10Basic(or pure) SociologySociological research for the purpose of making discoveries about life in human groups, not for making changes in those groups.
- 11Applied SociologyThe use of sociology to solve problems-from the micro level of classroom interaction and family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution.
- 12Public SociologyApplying sociology for the public good; especially the use of the sociological perspective(how things are related to one another) to guide politicians and policy makers.
- 13TheoryA general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another.
- 14Symbolic InteractionismA theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another.
- 15Functional AnalysisA theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society's equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism.
- 16Conflict TheoryA theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources.
- 17Macro-level analysisAn examination of large-scale patterns of society; such as how Wall Street and the political establishment are interrelated.
- 18Micro-level AnalysisAn examination of small-scale patterns of society; such as how the member of a group interact.
- 19Social InteractionOne person's actions influencing someone else; usually refers to what people do when they are in one another's presence, but also includes communications at a distance.
- 20Nonverbal InteractionCommunication without words through gestures, use of space, silence, and so on.
- 21HypothesisA statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory.
- 22VariableA factor thought to be significant for human behavior, which can vary(or change) from one case to another.
- 23Operational DefinitionThe way in which a researcher measures a variable.
- 24Research Method(or research design)One of seven procedures that sociologists use to collect data: surveys, participant observation, case studies, secondary analysis, analysis of documents, experiments, and unobtrusive measures.
- 25ValidityThe extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure.
- 26ReliabilityThe extent to which research produces consistent or dependable results.
- 27SurveyThe collection of data by having people answer a series of questions.
- 28PopulationA target group to be studied.
- 29SampleThe individuals intended to represent the population to be studied.
- 30Random SampleA sample i which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study.
- 31Stratified Random SampleA sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which everyone in those subgroups has an equal chance of being included in the research.
- 32RespondentsPeople who respond to a survey, either in interview or by self-administered questionnaires.
- 33Closled-ended QuestionsQuestions that are followed by a list of possible answers to be selected by the respondent.
- 34Open-ended QuestionsQuestions that respondents answer in their own words.
- 35RapportA feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying.
- 36Participant Observation(or fieldwork)Research in which the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening in that setting.
- 37Case StudyAn intensive analysis of a single event, situation, or individual.
- 38Secondary AnalysisThe analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers.
- 39DocumentsIn its narrow sense, written sources that provide data; in its extended sense, archival material of any sort, including photographs, movies, CDs, DVDS, and so on.
- 40ExperimentThe use of control and experimental groups and dependent and independent variables to test causation.
- 41Experimental GroupThe group of subjects in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable.
- 42Control GroupThe subjects in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable.
- 43Independent VariableA factor that causes a change in another variable, called the dependent variable.
- 44Dependent VariableA factor in an experiment that is changed by an independent variable.
- 45Unobtrusive MeasuresWays of observing people so they do not know they are being studied.
- 46Globalization of CapitalismCapitalism(investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe's dominant economic system.
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- Fichas sobre Sociology Chapter 1, creado por DreamBig0927 el 30/11/2014.
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