Fichas
Coasts
Fichas del conjunto (23)
- 1FetchThe distance a wave has traveled.
- 2SwashWater running up the beach.
- 3BackwashWater running back down the beach.
- 4Consructive waveA wave with a powerful swash and a weak backwash.
- 5Destructive waveA wave with a weak swash and a powerful backwash.
- 6Hydraulic actionAir may become trapped in joints and cracks on a cliff face. When a wave breaks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and causes erosion.
- 7AbrasionBits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper.
- 8AttritionWaves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother.
- 9SolutionAcids contained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone.
- 10Longshore Drift (LSD)The movement of material along a beach in a zig-zag pattern.
- 11SolutionMinerals are dissolved in sea water and carried in solution. The load is not visible. Load can come from cliffs made from chalk or limestone, and calcium carbonate is carried along in solution.
- 12SuspensionSmall particles are carried in water, e.g. silts and clays, which can make the water look cloudy. Currents pick up large amounts of sediment in suspension during a storm, when strong winds generate high energy waves.
- 13SaltationLoad is bounced along the sea bed, eg small pieces of shingle or large sand grains. Currents cannot keep the larger and heavier sediment afloat for long periods.
- 14TractionPebbles and larger sediment are rolled along the sea bed.
- 15ArchA wave-eroded passage through a small headland. This begins as a cave formed in the headland, which is gradually widened and deepened until it cuts through.
- 16BarWhere a spit grows, due to long shore drift, across a bay. A bar can eventually enclose the bay to create a lagoon.
- 17Biological WeatheringThe breakdown of rocks through the action of plants and animals.
- 18Managed RetreatAllowing cliff erosion to occur as nature taking its course: erosion in some areas, deposition in others. Benefits include less money spent and the creation of natural environments.
- 19Mass MovementThe downhill movement of weathered material under the force of gravity. The speed can vary considerably, from soil creep, where the movement is barely noticeable, to slumps, slides and mudflows, where the movement becomes increasingly more rapid.
- 20Wave Cut NotchAn undercut part of a cliff base where wave attack concentrates erosion.
- 21Physical WeatheringThe disintegration of rock into smaller pieces without any chemical change in the rock. It is most likely in areas of bare rock where there is no vegetation to protect the rock from extremes of weather e.g. freeze-thaw and exfoliation (onion weathering).
- 22RevevetmentsWooden, steel, or concrete fence-like structures that let sea water and sediment to pass through, but absorb wave energy. A beach can build up behind the revetment and provide further protection for the cliff.
- 23Spit (E.g. Spern Head)A long, narrow accumulation of sand and shingle formed by longshore drift and deposited where the coastline abruptly changes direction. One end is connected to the land and the other end projects out to the sea, often with a hooked end.
Información
- Descripción
- GCSE Geography Fichas sobre Coasts, creado por Becca Westwell el 17/02/2015.
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- Becca Westwell
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