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Mixtures
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- 1Pure substances and MixturesThe meaning of pure
a mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together
A pure substance consists only of one element or one compound - 2Separating mixtures Mixtures can be separated by physical processes A Mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined togetherFiltration
Filtration is used to separate solubles solids from insoluble solids
E.g: Salt (soluble) can be separated from Sand (insoluble) using filtration
Filtration works because the filter paper has tiny holes or pores in it. - 3Crystallisation Crystallisation is used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some of solvent evaporates leaving crystals behind. E.g. Crystallisation is used to obtain copper sulphate crystals from copper sulphate solution.Distillation
Simple Distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution. It is useful for producing pure water from seawater.
Simple distillation works because the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent. - 4Fractional Distillation Fractional Distillation is used to separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids Fractional distillation works because the different liquids have different boiling points.There are two ways of obtaining different liquids from the column:
By collecting different liquids from different parts of the column - the substance with the lowest boiling point is collected at the top of the column
By continuing to heat the mixture to increase the temperatures in the column - the substance with the lowest boiling point is collected first - 5Paper Chromatography Paper Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble substances. These are often coloured substances such as food colouring, inks, dyes or plant pigments.Phases
Stationary phase which in paper chromatography is very uniform, absorbent paper
Mobile Phase is the solvent that moves through the paper, carrying different substances with it - 6Interpreting a chromatography Separation by chromatography produces a chromatography. A paper chromatography can be used to distinguish between pure and impure substances: A pure substance produces one spot on the chromatography An impure substance, or mixture, produces two or more spotsA paper chromatography can also be used to identify substances by comparing them with known substances.
They produce the same number of spots, and these match in colour
The spots travel the same distance up the paper
Información
- Descripción
- Pure substances and mixtures Filtration Crystallisation Distillation Paper chromatography
- Creado por
- Elias Bah
- Visitas
- 3
- Valoración