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AQA AS Chemistry Definitions
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- 1First ionisation energyenergy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
- 2relative atomic massaverage mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of one atom of Carbon-12
- 3second ionisation energyenergy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of unipositive ions
- 4empirical formulasimplest whole number ratio in which atoms of each element are found in a compound
- 5covalent bondpair of electrons shared between two atoms
- 6metallic bondattraction between a cation and a sea of de-localised electrons
- 7electronegativitythe ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond
- 8homologous seriesseries of compounds with the same functional group but differs by -CH2 each time
- 9structural isomerismsame molecular formula, different structural fomula
- 10chain isomerismsame molecular formula, different carbon arrangement
- 11positional isomerismsame molecular formula, functional group in a different position
- 12functional group isomerismsame molecular formula, different functional group
- 13initiation (free radical substitution)production of free radicals
breaks homolytically
photochemical reaction - 14propagation (free radical subs)reaction between a free radical and a molecule to make another free radical
- 15termination (free radical subs)reaction between two free radicals making an unreactive molecule
- 16standard enthalpy of formationenthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent atoms in their standard states, in standard conditions
- 17mean bond enthalpystandard molar enthalpy change of bond dissociation is the energy required to break a specific covalent bond. this varies from compound to compound, so an average is used
- 18standard enthalpy of combustionenthalpy change when one mole of a compound is completely burnt in oxygen under standard conditions
- 19enthalpy changeheat energy change measured at constant pressure
- 20Hess's lawthe enthalpy change of a reaction is independent on the route (pathway from reactants to products)
- 21disproportionationredox reaction in which the oxidation number of some atoms of a particular element increase and others decrease
- 22geometrical isomersame structural formula, but bonds arranged differently in space
- 23inductive effectthe effect on electron density in one portion of a molecule due to electo/nucleophiles elsewhere. causes dipoles and effects stablity
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- Fichas sobre AQA AS Chemistry Definitions, creado por jamie_m el 25/03/2015.
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