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C25
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- 1Define ionizing radiationany form of radiation that can ionise atoms by removing an electron to leave a positive ion
- 2Define a cloud chambera detector of ionising radiation consisting of a chamber filled with air saturated with vapour at a very low temperature so that droplets of liquid condense around ionised particles left along the path of radiation
- 3Define alpha radiationionising radiation consisting of a helium nucleus with a charge of +2e
- 4Define beta radiationionising radiation consisting of fast moving electrons or emitted from unstable nuclei with a charge of -e or + e
- 5Define gamma radiationionising radiation consisting of high energy photons with wavelengths less than 10^13 m which travel at the speed of light
- 6Define parent nucleusa nucleaus before the occourence of radioactive decay
- 7Define daughter nucleusa new nucleaus formed following radioactive decay
- 8Define half lifethe average time it takes for half the number of active nuclei in a sample of an isotope to decay
- 9Define activitythe rate at which nuclei decay or disintegrate in a radioactive source, measured in becerels or decays per second
- 10Define becquerela unit of activity
- 11Define the decay constantthe propability of decay of an individual nucleus per unit time
- 12Define carbon datinga method for determining the age of organic material, by comparing the activities or ratios of carbon 14 to carbon 12 nuclei of the dead material of intrest and a similar living material
- 13If alpha, beta -, beta + and gamma radiation is fired in a beam of particles between oppositely charged parallel plates, how do each of the different radiation types actGamma passes strait though since they are uncharged, alpha goes toward the - plate, beta + goes to the - plate more than alpha dna beta - does the same as beta + but towards the positive plate
- 14How ionizing are alpha particles and state their range in air, what’s can stop them?They are very ionizing due to their large mass and charge, but only a range of a few cm in air, can be stoped by a sheet of paper
- 15How ionizing are beta particles and what is their rangeSmall mass and charge so not very ionizing, have range of about 1m in air, cab be stopped by 1-3mm of aluminum foil
- 16How ionizing is gamma radiation and what is its rangeNo charge, so very very l;title ionizing, needs a few cm on lead to stop them
- 17Why is ionizing radiation dangerous for the bodyIonization damages living cells
- 18What is the charge, mass, and typical speed of an alpha particle+2e, 4.00151 u, x10^6 ms^-1
- 19What is the charge, mass, and typical speed of Beta ++e,0.00055 u, x10^8
- 20What is the charge, mass, and typical speed of Beta --e, 0.00055 u, x10^8
- 21What is the charge, mass, and typical speed of Gamma0, 0, speed of light
- 22What sort of nuclei emit beta - radiationThose with too many neutrons for stability
- 23What sort of nuclei emitt beta + radiationThose with too many protons for stability
- 24What sort of nuclei emit gamma radiationThose who have surplus energy following. Alpha or beta emission
- 25Why is radioactive decay randomBecause we cannot predict when a nucleus will decay, and each nucleus in a sample has the same chance of decaying per unit time
- 26Why is radioactive decay spontaneousBecause the decay is not affected by the prescience of other nuclei in the Sample, or external forces like pressure
- 27How can you measure activityA Geiger muller tube
- 28Give an equation for activityA = decay constant x number of nuclei
- 29Give an equation for number of nuclei involving No
- 30Give an equation involving the decay constant and half life
- 31Hat ratio is the same in all living thimngsThe ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 nuclei
- 32How dopes carbon dating workWhen an organism dies it stops taking in carbon, while the carbon 14 already there continues to decay overtime. So the time an organism dies can be calculated by comparing activities and ratios of carbon 14 to carbon 12 of the dead material to similar living material
- 33What is atmospheric carbon, and the other typeCarbon 12, it is stable, where as carbon 14 is radioactive and produced by cosmic rays
- 34Give three limitations of carbon dating1- it assumes that the ratio remains constant over time. 2- increased emission of carbon dioxide due to burning fossil fuels can reduce the ratio 3- ratio can also be affected by natural events like volcanic eruptions or solar flares or testing nuclear bombs
- 35Why cant carbon 14 be used to date rocks on the earth or meteors formed during the creation of the solar suysemBecause the half life is not long enough for that
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- (M6 Chapter 25 Radioactivity) physics A level Fichas sobre C25, creado por lizabeth rawson el 13/03/2022.
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- lizabeth rawson
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