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Psycholgy Test 1: Behavior
Fichas del conjunto (45)
- 1The initial learning phase in both classical and operant conditioning.Acquisition
- 2The degree to which a trait or behavior helps an organism survive.Adaptive Value
- 3The scientific study of human behavior.Behaviorism
- 4The tendency for animals to be predisposed or inclined to form associations.Biological Preparedness
- 5Learning process in which two stimuli become associated with each other; when an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to elicit an involuntary response.Classical Conditioning
- 6The mental image of the layout of a physical space.Cognitive Map
- 7An emotional reaction acquired through classical conditioning; process by which an emotional reaction becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus.Conditioned Emotional Response
- 8A learned response to a conditioned stimulus.Conditioned Response (CR)
- 9A previously neutral stimulus that an organism learns to associate with an unconditioned stimulus.Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
- 10A form of classical conditioning that occurs when an organism learns to associate a particular food or drink with illness.Conditioned Taste Aversion
- 11A schedule of reinforcement in which every target behavior is reinforced.Continuous Reinforcement
- 12In classical conditioning, the process by which the CR decreases after repeated exposure to the CS i the absence of the US; in operant conditioning, the disappearance of a learned behavior through the removal of its reinforcer.Extinction
- 13A schedule in which the reinforcer comes after a preestablished interval of time goes by; the response or behavior is only reinforced after the given interval is over.Fixed-Interval Schedule
- 14A schedule in which the subject must exhibit a predetermined number of desired behaviors before a reinforcer is given.Fixed-Ratio Schedule
- 15A basic form of learning evident when an organism does not respond as strongly or as often to an event following multiple exposures to it.Habituation
- 16With repeated pairings of a conditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus, the second neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus.Higher Order Conditioning
- 17The tendency for animals to revert to instinctual behaviors after a behavior pattern has been learned.Instinctive Drift
- 18Learning that occurs without awareness and regardless of reinforcement, and is not evident until needed.Latent Learning
- 19Thorndike's principle stating that behaviors are more likely to be repeated when followed by pleasurable outcomes, and those followed by something unpleasant are less likely to be repeated.Law of Effect
- 20A relatively enduring change in behavior or thinking that results from experience.Learning
- 21The individual or character whose behavior is being imitated.Model
- 22The removal of something desirable following an unwanted behavior, with the intention of decreasing that behavior.Negative Punishment
- 23The removal of unpleasant stimulus following a target behavior, which increases the likelihood of occurring again.Negative Reinforcement
- 24A stimulus that does not cause a relevant automatic or reflexive response.Neutral Stimulus
- 25Learning that occurs as a result of watching the behavior of others.Observational Learning
- 26Learning that occurs when voluntary actions become associated with consequences.Operant Conditioning
- 27A schedule of reinforcement in which target behaviors are reinforced intermittently, not continuously.Partial Reinforcement
- 28The tendency for behaviors acquired through intermittent reinforcement to be more resistant to extinction than those acquired through continuous reinforcement.Partial Reinforcement Effect
- 29The addition of something unpleasant following an unwanted behavior, with the intention of decreasing that behavior.Positive Punishment
- 30The process by which pleasant reinforcers are added or presented following the targeted behavior, increasing all likelihood of occurring again.Positive Reinforcement
- 31Actions that are kind, generous, and benefit others.Pro social Behaviors
- 32The application of a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior recurring.Punishment
- 33Process by which an organism learns to associate a voluntary behavior with its consequences.Reinforcement
- 34Consequences, such as events or objects, that increase the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.Reinforcers
- 35Reinforcers that do not satisfy biological needs but often gain their power through their association with primary reinforcers.Secondary Reinforcer
- 36The use of reinforcers to guide behavior to the acquisition of a desired complex behavior.Shaping
- 37In classical conditioning, the reappearance of the conditioned response following its extinction; occurs in response to the conditioned stimulus after a period of rest.Spontaneous Recovery
- 38An event or occurrence that generally leads to a response.Stimulus
- 39The ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli sufficiently different from it.Stimulus Discrimination
- 40The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit the conditioned response.Stimulus Generalization
- 41A method of shaping that uses reinforcers to condition a series of small steps that gradually approach the target behavior.Successive Approximations
- 42A reflexive, involuntary response to an unconditioned stimulus.Unconditioned Response (UR)
- 43A stimulus that automatically triggers an involuntary response without any needed learning needed.Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
- 44A schedule in which the reinforcer comes after an interval of time goes by, but the length of the interval changes from trial to trial.Variable-Interval Schedule
- 45A schedule in which the number of desired responses or behaviors that must occur before a reinforcer is given changes across trials and is based on an average number of responses to be reinforcedVariable-Ratio Schedule
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- Undergraduate Psychology 101 Fichas sobre Psycholgy Test 1: Behavior, creado por Cami McReynolds el 01/10/2015.
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- Cami McReynolds
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