Fichas
Eye
Fichas del conjunto (110)
- 1EyeLight passes into the eye and is processed by the visual structures to convert the light
into neuronal stimuli that can transmit to the brain - 2Accessory structuresStructures external to the eyeball that support the functions of the eye
- 3Fibrous tunicSuperficial coating that contains the sclera, cornea and limbus
- 4Sclerawhite part of eye
- 5CorneaTransparent, anterior structure that allows light into the eye
- 6LimbusJunction of sclera and cornea
- 7Vascular tunic (uvea)Middle layer that contains choroid, ciliary body, and iris.
- 8Nervous tunic (retina)Posterior eye
- 9Tapetum lucidumReflective area of choroid that is absent in humans and pigs
- 10Ciliary bodyThickest structure that contains ciliary muscle and ciliary process
- 11Ciliary muscleAllows ocular accommodation via the lens
- 12Ciliary processAnchors zonular fibers and secretes aqueous humor
- 13Zonular fibers (suspensory ligaments)Hold lens in place and adjusts shape
- 14IrisColored part of eye surrounding the pupil
- 15PupilCentral opening letting light into the eye
- 16Pupillary constrictor musclesParasympathetic innervation
- 17Pupillary dilator musclesSympathetic innervation
- 18RetinaImage formation, made of three layers
- 19PhotoreceptorsLight sensitive, first layer
- 20Bipolar neuronsMiddle layer, passes photoreceptor stimuli to neuronal ganglia
- 21Ganglion neuronsInner layer, axons which leave eye as optic nerve
- 22Optic discBlind spot, location where optic nerve leaves the eye
- 23LensTransparent cells, refractive part of eye
- 24Anterior chamberBetween cornea and iris
- 25Posterior chamberBetween iris and lens
- 26Vitreous chamberBetween lens and retina
- 27Aqueous humorFills the anterior and posterior chambers. Watery fluid which provides nutrient and waste exchange for the structures of the anterior and posterior chambers. Maintains pressure and drained in sclera venous plexus.
- 28Vitreous bodyFelly-substance in vitreous chamber. Maintains eye shape and hold retina in place
- 29Upper and lower eyelidsMoveable folds which protect the rostral eye
- 30Cilia/eyelashesHairs from eyelids
- 31Lateral and medial commissuresPoint where eyelids meet
- 32Lacrimal caruncleMedial, triangular prominence
- 33Lacrimal punctaOpening into lacrimal canals near medial angles
- 34ConjunctivaSpecial mucous membranes lining eyelid and eyeball
- 35Third eyeFold of conjunctiva between medial angle and eyeball - protection
- 36Corpora nigraBlack masses in horse and ruminants near the upper and lower iris
- 37Intrinsic musclesWithin eye affecting pupil and lens shape/size
- 38Extrinsic musclesMove eyeball, located caudal to eye
- 39Lacrimal apparatusStructures which produce and drain
tears - 40Lacrimal glandPink gland dorsolateral to the eye. Releases seromucous secretions on eye surface.
- 41Lacrimal canaliculiSmall canals between the lacrimal puncta
and lacrimal sacs - 42Lacrimal sacStart of nasolacrimal duct
- 43Nasolacrimal ductDuct extending from lacrimal sac to rostral
nasal cavity - 44EarOrgan of hearing and balance. Composed of outer, middle and inner ear
- 45Outer earPinna and external auditory meatus
- 46Pinna (auricle)Fleshy appendage which catches and directs sound toward the middle ear
- 47Auricular cartilageElastic part of the pinna and external auditory meatus
- 48Middle earWithin and including the tympanic membrane
- 49Tympanic membrane (ear drum)Thin membrane separating the external auditory meatus and middle ear
- 50Auditory ossicles (ear bones)Transmit and amplify vibrations
- 51Malleus (hammer)Connection between tympanic membrane and incus
- 52Incus (anvil)Connection between malleus and stapes
- 53Stapes (stirrup)Connection between incus and oval window
- 54Oval (vestibular) window and round (cochlear) windowTwo openings between the middle and inner ear
- 55Auditory tubePassage between middle ear and nasopharynx
- 56Guttural PouchGuttural pouches in horses are paired, air filled sacs which come off the auditory tube
- 57Stylohyoid boneSeparates the pouch into two compartments
- 58Median membranous wallMucous membrane of the guttural pouches
- 59Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tubeSmall slits in lateral nasopharyngeal wall that open into auditory tubes (into guttural pouches)
- 60Inner EarOsseous and membranous labyrinth
- 61Bony (osseus) labyrinthCavities within the temporal bone divided into vestibule, cochlea and semicircular canals
- 62Membranous labyrinthTubes and sacs within bony labyrinth
- 63PerilymphFluid within bony labyrinth surrounding membranous labyrinth
- 64EndolymphFluid within the membranous labyrinth
- 65CochleaSnail shell-looking part of the inner ear that assists with hearing
- 66Outer bony coil (bony labyrinth)Spiral canal divided into two parts via the membranous cochlear duct
- 67Scala vestibuliCanal of the bony labyrinth communicating with the vestibule, middle ear at oval window, and scala tympani
- 68Scala tympaniContinuation of scala vestibuli from the cochlea round window
- 69Inner membranous cochlear ductDivides bony labyrinth canals, forms cochlear duct and contains spiral organ
- 70Cochlear duct (scala media)Spiral canal extending from base to apex of cochlea → filled with endolymph and
contains spiral organ - 71Spiral organ (organ of Corti)Organ of hearing
- 72VestibuleCentral, expanded portion of the inner ear, divided into saccule and utricle
- 73MaculeStatic equilibrium receptors perpendicular to each other in utricle and saccule and contains hair cells
- 74Otolithic membraneGelatinous substance covering hair cells
- 75Semicircular canalsThree bony canals perpendicular to each other
- 76AmpullaSwelling at end of each semicircular canal
- 77Semicircular ductsMembranous labyrinth of semicircular canals communicating with utricle
- 78CristaReceptor in the ampulla of each semicircular duct
- 79Arrector pili musclesContraction elevates hair/fur for warmth
- 80Vasoconstriction blood vesselsWarming
- 81Vasodilation blood vesselsCooling
- 82EpidermisCells in contact with the external environment. Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale.
- 83DermisFibrous tissue layer of the skin. Filled with nerves, blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles
- 84Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis, subcutis)Attachment to deeper tissues. Consists of connective tissue and adipose tissue
- 85Sweat GlandsSimple, coiled tubular glands of the skin
- 86Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glandsMajority of sweat glands in humans, sweat glands in paw pads of carnivores, frog of the horse, nasal region of swine and ruminants, and the pig carpus. Major contributor to thermoregulation and opens directly onto the skin
- 87Apocrine sweat glandsProminent sweat gland type in domestic species skin. Open into the hair follicle
- 88Sebaceous GlandsSimple holocrine glands that open into hair follicles
- 89Release sebumOily substance which lubricates skin. Lanolin is for sheep
- 90HairLong filamentous appendage of keratinized epithelial cells (dead skin cells)
- 91Hair follicle species differences• Horse and cattle – single hair follicles
• Canines – compound hair follicles
• Pigs – single follicles organized in clusters
• Cats – single follicles with guard hairs - 92Mammary glandsModified sweat glands that produce milk
- 93MammaGlandular tissue associated with each teat
- 94Milk (laciferous) ductsDucts allowing passage of milk from the mammary alveoli to the milk sinus
- 95Milk (laciferous) sinusMilk storage cavity
- 96TeatProjecting part of mammary gland, milk leaves the gland via the teat
- 97Teat canalPassageway from teat sinus to teat opening
- 98HoofHorny epidermis covering the distal digits
- 99WallVisible part to the hoof. Divided into dorsal aspect, medial aspect, lateral aspect, and plantar/palmar aspect
- 100BarEither side of the frog
- 101PeriopleOuter hoof layer
- 102Perioplic band(Coronary band/coronet)
- 103SoleBottom of hoof
- 104White lineBetween the wall and the sole. Denotes location of sensitive internal structures
- 105FrogBetween sole, bars, and bulbs. Cardiovascular function
- 106Bulbs of the heelsExpansion of frog
- 107Collateral groovesSeparates bars and frog. Cleaned to prevent disease
- 108Corium (or dermis)Highly vascular part of the foot providing nourishment of the overlying epidermis or hoof
- 109HornsCovers the cornual process -> extension of the frontal bone
- 110—
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- 1st grade Anatomy Fichas sobre Eye, creado por Tu Ngo el 16/04/2022.
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