Fichas
Higher Computing Prelim 2024 (Computer Systems & SDD)
Fichas del conjunto (39)
- 1What are breakpoints?Breakpoints are used to halt a program while it's running to step through it and see if there’s any bugs and to see what each variable is doing at that point
- 2What are watchpoints?Watchpoints are used to keep track of changes inside certain variables and see what code causes said changes
- 3What is a dry run?Dry runs are done manually without software to step through a (usually) smaller bit of code to check for logic errors using sample data
- 4What is a trace table?Trace tables are normally used when doing a dry run, and are used to record the values of variables as the program goes on. They’re particularly useful for seeing how variables change in loops
- 5How do you evaluate code?To evaluate your code, you need to make sure it’s fit for purpose, efficient, usable, maintainable, and robust
- 6What makes code fit for purpose?It should meet all the requirements that were previously decided upon in analysis
- 7What makes code efficient?It should use the smallest amount of lines to effectively meet the requirements, like using elifs, loops, suitable data structures, arrays, and parameter passing in functions and procedures
- 8What makes code usable?It should be intuitive for the people to use, and should have things like general user interface, user prompts, screen layout, and help screens
- 9What makes code maintainable?It should be readable (using things like meaningful variable names, comments, indentation, and whitespace) and have modularity (effectively using functions and procedures)
- 10What makes code robust?It needs to be able to handle execution errors without crashing, things like exceptional data or incorrect data
- 11Describe agile development methodologiesThey're more flexible and there’s lots of close, face-to-face communication with the client, and lots of prototypes are created throughout the process to test and give feedback on. They're better suited to smaller projects than long term ones, and use sprints to create bits of code one section at a time
- 12What's the difference between a function and a procedure?A procedure is just an action, it doesn’t return any data, whereas a function does return data at the end
- 13What's the difference between formal and actual parameters?Actual parameters are the ones stated in the call in the main program, and the formal parameters are the ones used in the function (they can be different to each other, it’s just the order that’s important)
- 14How do you convert using Two's Compliment?1. Convert the positive version
2. Invert everything after the first 1 - 15What is the biggest negative number that can be stored in 2's Compliment?-127
- 16How do you find the min & max limits?1. Calculate 2 ^ (number of bits)
2. Divide it by 2 to get the negative value
3. Take away 1 from the negative value to get the positive one - 17What is cache memory?It's used to store frequently used instructions and procedures, and the more you have, the more cache hits can occur
- 18What happens if you increase the bits allocated to the mantissa?You increase the accuracy
- 19What happens if you increase the exponent?You increase the range
- 20What is an advantage of extended ASCII over standard ASCII?It can store more characters, like the copyright symbol
- 21What is a disadvantage of extended ASCII compared to standard ASCII?It uses more bits per character (8 instead of 7)
- 22What is an advantage of Unicode over ASCII?It can represent far more symbols and languages
- 23How many bits does Unicode use?16 bits
- 24How are bitmaps stored?Each pixel is stored as the colour of the pixel, and the more bits per pixel, the wider range of colours can be displayed
- 25How are vectors stored?They're stored as each objects attributes, how to draw it rather than the actual picture
- 26What are the advantages of vectors?They don't lose quality when you scale them, they use less memory, and they can be easily manipulated
- 27What are the advantages of bitmaps?They can store photo realistic images, they can be edited at pixel level, you don't need special software to open them
- 28What does DOS stand for?Denial of Service
- 29What are the signs of a DOS attack?Your server or system will be really slow, and users might not be able to access it
- 30What are some reasons for a DOS attack?Blackmail, might not agree with political views, might have a grudge against a former employer
- 31What are some costs of a DOS attack?Loss of revenue, paying to get someone to fix the damage, paying to implement safeguards
- 32What is a DNS attack?It diverts user from a different IP address to the target one
- 33What does a public key do?It encrypts the data being sent to you (like locking it)
- 34What does a private key do?It decrypts the data being recieved (like unlocking it)
- 35What are digital certificates?They're like a digital ID or passport and have information like the public key, the owner's name, the expiration and the issuer
- 36What are some examples of intelligent systems?Heating systems, traffic control, and car management systems
- 37How do intelligent systems help with environmental impact?Optimise the amount of fuel being used and reducing carbon emmisions by helping traffic flow better, engine start-stop systems, controling heating when you're not home
- 38What are the steps in the fetch excecute cycle?1. proccessor sets up address bus with required address
2. activates the read line on the control bus
3. instruction is collected from memory and put in the instruction register
4. the instruction is then carried out - 39How do you open a text file?readFile = open("file.txt", "r")
Información
- Descripción
- Highers Computing Fichas sobre Higher Computing Prelim 2024 (Computer Systems & SDD), creado por Hazel Thomson el 08/12/2024.
- Creado por
- Hazel Thomson
- Visitas
- 0
- Valoración