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Parasympathetic Nervous system

Clare Fairclough Human Physiology University Inglés 53 fichas

Fichas del conjunto (53)

  1. 1What part of the nervous system is the parasympathetic a subsection of ?Autonomic
  2. 2What is the role of the parasympathtic nervous system?Keep energy use low - rest and digest
  3. 3When the parasympathetic nervous system is activcated, describe the effect on BP, HR and GI activity?HR, BP are low and GI activity is high
  4. 4What is the typical effect of the PSN on many tissue and organs?inhibitory effect
  5. 5Where are the cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic nevres found?Cranial and sacral regions
  6. 6Name 4 nerves that exit the cranial region?Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and Vagus
  7. 7Name the sacral outflow?Forms the pelvic plexus - leads to intestine, bladder and uterus etc.
  8. 8Give the length of the PSN preganglionic neurones?Long - synapse in effector organs
  9. 9Give the length of the PSN post ganglionic neurones?Short and ganglia often in effector organ
  10. 10Give the Neurotransmitters in the at the Ganglionic synapse?ACh
  11. 11Give the neurotransmitter at the effector cell?ACh
  12. 12give the type of receptors in the ganglioic synapse?Nicotinic ACh receptors
  13. 13Give the type of receptor at the effector cell?Muscarinic ACh receptors
  14. 14Describe the action of ACh on nicotinic receptors?2 ACh bind per nicotinic receptor and threshold = AP
  15. 15Describe the action of ACh at muscarinic receptors?ACh binds to GPCR attached to second messenger to alter K+/Ca2+ or enzyme cascade
  16. 16Give the 2 point of Nicotinic receptor synapses?Ganglionic synapses and Somatic
  17. 17Give the 2 points of muscarinic receptor synpases?smooth muscle or glands
  18. 18Name subtype of the nicotinic receptors at the ganglia?Ionotropic ion channel receptors
  19. 19What is the response at nictinic ACh receptors synapses?depolarisation of postsynaptic membrane as Na+ channel open
  20. 20Name the 5 types of Muscarinic receptors on target tissues?M1,2,3,4,5
  21. 21What is the subtype of the muscarinic receptors at the target tissue?metabotropic - GPCR
  22. 22What occurs when M1 receptors recieve ACh?neuronal gut gastric acid secretion
  23. 23What occurs when M2 receptors receive ACh?Cardiac heart rate decreases
  24. 24What occurs when M3 receptors recieve ACh?Glandular secretion increases and smooth muscle constriction
  25. 25What occurs when M4 receptors recieve ACh?Neostriatum
  26. 26What occurs when M5 receptors recieve ACh?substania nigra
  27. 27Name 4 types of parasympathetic drugs?Parasympathomimetic, Parasympatholytic, cholinesterase inhibitors, ganglionic blocking drugs
  28. 28what type of drug is a parasympathomimetic drug?Cholinomimetic agonist
  29. 29Give 3 examples of parasympathomimetic drugs?Pilocarpine, muscarine and nicotine
  30. 30What effect do parasympathomimetic drugs have on PSN?Increased ( cholinergic agonists)
  31. 31what type of drug is a parasympatholytic drug?muscarinic antagonist
  32. 32Give an example of a parasympatholytic drug?Atropine
  33. 33What is the effect of parasympatholytic drugs on the PNS?Decreases ( muscarinic antagonist)
  34. 34Give an example of a cholinesterase inhibitor?Physostigmine
  35. 35What is the effect of choline inhibitors on the PNS?Increases ( increased ACh remains in system)
  36. 36what type of drug is a ganglionic blocking drug?Nicotinic anatagonist
  37. 37Give the effect of ganglionic blcoking drugs on the PNS and SNS?Decreases
  38. 38In PNS control of HR gove the general process?postganglionic nerves release ACh which acts on M2 receptors to decrease function
  39. 39Describe 3 target areas in the heart that are innervated by PNS?SAN - decreases HR
    Atrial muscle -decrease force of contraction
    AVN - decreased rate of conduction
  40. 40What drug is used during caridiac arrest and why?Atropine (muscarinic Antagonist) so increases HR
  41. 41Describe effect of PNS on the pupil size of the eye?M3 muscarinic receptors receive ACh which causes circular muscle contraction = pupil constriction (MIOSIS)
  42. 42Give the effect of a drug that acts on the PNS of the eye?Muscarinic antagonist (atropine) blocks M3 receptors so no ACh binding = no contraction and therefore pupil dilation
  43. 43Name the other effect of PNS in the eye?Control of focussing
  44. 44Describe the effects of the PNS on ciliary muscle?ACh acts on M3 receptors and causes ciliary muscles to contract
  45. 45Give effect on ciliary muscles contracting?suspensory ligaments, lens fattens and so focus for near vision = ACCOMODATION
  46. 46What is it called when ciliary muscles get paralysed?Cycloplegia = loss of accomodation
  47. 47What are mydriatic drugs?Cause pupil dilation eg muscarinic antagonists and loss of accomodation
    OPPOSE PNS
  48. 48Name 2 types of miotic drugs?Muscarinic agonists and anticholinesterases
  49. 49Give the effect of muscarinic agonists?Constricts pupil causing Miosis
  50. 50Give the effect of anticholinesterases?enhancement of parasympathetic stimulation - MIOSIS and accommodation (contraction of ciliary muscle
  51. 51What is VIP?Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
  52. 52What happens when low stimulation of ?ACh release
  53. 53What happens at high stim ulation?ACh and VIP released

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University Human Physiology Fichas sobre Parasympathetic Nervous system, creado por Clare Fairclough el 05/03/2026.
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