Fichas
cattle- Mastitis
Fichas del conjunto (50)
- 1What are some tests to diagnose mastitis?Milk filter
Strip cow out
RMT
Bacterial culture
PCR
conductivity test - 2How does the RMT test work?The reagent in the test reacts with cells (in mastitis WBC's) which precipitate out of the milk to form a gel
- 3How can you check for mastitis by stripping cows out?look for clots and changes in milk
- 4What are the benefits and disadvantage of PCR?tells you which bacteria you have
quick
picks up small amounts of bacteria and dead ones - 5What are the 2 drawbacks to bacterial culture?Only grows live bacteria
takes 48 hours - 6Why do you not want to be checking for mastitis by looking at the milking filter?To late at that stage to be identifying mastitis
- 7What does conductivity tests do? What is the drawback? why is it useful?Picks up changes in electrolytes
there are conductivty changes in all cows with mastitis but cows without mastitis can get conductivity changes so you see a lot of false positives
good way of Iding cows you need to do further tests on - 8What two pathogens are the cause of mastitis 95% of the time?staph aureus
strep uberis - 9If you have clinical mastitis at the end of lactation what bacteria is it most likely to be?Staph auereus
- 10When do most Staph aureus problems occur?first 2 months after calving
- 11Why do cell counts increase at the end of the year?Due to subclinical infections
-The infection starts earlier in the year and then spreads throughout the cows- by the end of the year the number of subclinical infections has increased - 12What will milking OAD do to SCC?Increase it- due to infection not being removed as frequently
- 13Which bacteria is an environmental pathogen and which is contagious?contagious= staph
environmental= strep - 14When are animals contaminated by staph auerus?While lactating or during the dry period
Spreads in the milking shed- due to fomites on milking machine or farmer - 15When are animals contaminated by strep Uberis?When in the environment- particularly the late dry period and early lactation- calving
Not spread in the milking shed - 16How does a badly managed milking machine increase the risk of the cow getting environmental bacteria?damages udder and teats
increase risk of bacteria getting in - 17Why does subclincial mastitis need to be treated?increase milk production
Eliminate bacteria and stop spread
decrease SCC
stop having to through out milk - 18What does MRS T stand for?mark
record
separate
treat - 19When should you use systemic therapy instead of intramamary therapy?If the cow is pyrexic
if multiple quaters are affected - 20What is a second drug you should treat mastitis cows with besides antibiotics that will decrease culling rate and lower SCC? give specific exampleNSAIDs-meloxicam
- 21What is the best antibiotic to treat staph A with?Cloxacillin
- 22What bacteria works well against strep U?penicillin
- 23What is the biggest determinant of the effectiveness of an antibitoic treating mastitis? why is this a problem?length of treatment
WHP - 24How should we treat subclinical mastitis?Just intramammary antibiotics- don' need systemic antibiotics
- 25What is the best treatment for a chronic mastitis cow? (for the farmer)Cull
- 26Why do we give dry cow therapy?get rid of infections present at the end of lactation
prevent new infections over dry period when cows are at risk - 27What kinda antibiotics are used for DCT?Beta lactams
- 28what do teat sealants do?sit in the teat and reduce the risk of bacteria going up the teat- blocks about 95% bacteria- so still need to keep clean enviro
- 29When does strep uberis become a risk during the dry period? what is the problem with DCT?After 8 weeks
longest one lasts 70 days, but dry period usually 90 days - 30How should you manage drying off?Gradually decrease feed intake
Plenty of access to water
put cows on green, dry pasture
Don't switch to OAD milking- will increase chance of infection. Increasing milking frquency will decrease risk. - 31When should you stop cows from milking and completely dry off?when producing 5L/day
- 32When is there a big risk period for heifers getting mastitis? which mastitis?In spring after calving- strep uberis
- 33How can you reduce the incidence of mastitis in heifers post calving?Bring heifers in to teat spray every day for a week before they calve down
Use teat sealer - 34Why is it important to cull chronically infected cows? (besides production loss)Once cows become infected, even if they are cured they have a much higher chance of getting mastitis again
- 35What is crucial to controlling mastitis?prevention
- 36Describe the 5 point plan1- hygiene management of cows teats
2- prompt ID and treatment of clinical cases
3-DC management
4-culling of chronically infected cows
5-regular milking machine maintenance - 37What is the SAMM plan?seasonal approach to managing mastitis
lactation, drying off, dry period, calving, post calving - 38How can you keep teats clean?Teat spray
dip cup - 39Why does teat spray often not work?Automatic teat sprayers miss teats
when cows are dirty teat spray doesn't work
Farmers screw up concentration of teat spray
improper spraying - 40What should you sue for teat spray?iodine
chlorhexidine - 41What is some milk machine induced teat damage?discolouration
swelling
wedging of teat end
openness of teat orifice
hyperkeratosis - 42What is some environmental induced teat damage?skin dryness and chapping
teat orifice roughness
abrasians and cuts
photosensitization
allergic reactions
insect bites - 43Why have environmental infections become more prevelant than contagious?because they are harder to control -have learned to control contagious pathogens
- 44How do you choose cows to cull?SCC
teat conformation
milk production
clinical cases later in the season - 45how often should milk liners be replaced?every 2500 milkings
- 46What are ways in which the milking machine can cause teat damage?over milking
high vacum
prolonged slow milking
faulty liners
poor teat management
not shutting vacum before removing unit - 47how can high vauum damage teats?more stress on teats
- 48What is the first line of defence of the teat? what does it mean if this is damage?teat canal
bacteria can enter - 49when teat scoring, what is a representative sample of the herd?205=% or 80 cws
- 50how can teat hygiene be increased? besides teat spray/dipWashing teats and using a pre dip/spray
drying teats individually
Información
- Descripción
- GCSE Cattle Fichas sobre cattle- Mastitis, creado por Hayley Pfeffer el 05/06/2016.
- Creado por
- Hayley Pfeffer
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