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Final Exam
Fichas del conjunto (78)
- 1MBI's are the Pthe Policy Trend.
- 2MBIS Are partly driven by 'failure,'of previous approaches and free markets
- 3Both Business and Greens arenow Trans-national
- 4The Fear of losing in AgreementsThe Prisoners Dilemma
- 5Early 'conservative' Enviro groupsneeded more Vigorous Action
- 6Groups became more'professional' in Lobbying
- 7Gov. and parties have anindirect influence on Policy
- 8The atmosphere is composed of79%N, 20%O, 1%CO2, water vapor and other gases
- 9Atmospheric Layers areTroposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere & Thermosphere and are Distinctly Diff.
- 10Weather isPhysical conditions of Earth atmos. inclu. short-term fluctuations in temp, pressure and wind
- 11Climate isLong-range, avg. pattern of quantity & seasonal distribution of temp, rainfall & humidity
- 12Atmospheric Pollution isthe presence of substances in atmos. (either from human activ. or natural sources)
- 13Primary Pollutants of the Atmos. areNitric Oxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Hydrocarbons & Particle Matter
- 14The Greenhouse Effect isnatural warming of the Earth by heat trapped due to heat absorbing atmos. gases
- 15Greenhouse Gases includeWater Vapour, Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide
- 16The enhanced GreenH Effect isa significant increase in GreenH Gases in the atmos. due to human activities and is responsible for Global Warm
- 17Ozone Depletion isacc. breakdown and loss of ozone from the stratosphere leading to inc. UV Radiation reaching the Earth
- 18Ozone Depletion is causedby released CFC's and other chemicals from Human activities
- 19Reliance on Fossil Fuels started afterthe Industrial Revol. prior to this mostly animal/fuel wood used
- 20Humans depend on threemain crops for food supply: Rice, Wheat and Maize
- 21Only 21% of the Earths Surfaceis cultivated or undergrazing
- 22Human devel. can be grouped into 3 phasesHunter Gather, Agriculture and Post- Industrialism
- 23Agriculture production syst. involveCultivation or Pastoralism
- 24Land (soil) degradation occurswhen Human Land uses results in acc. the rate of Nat. Processes of Landscape change
- 25Five categories of human activ. causing land degradationDeforestation, Overexploitation of Veg. for domestic use, Overgrazing, Agriculture & Industrialisation
- 26Max. sustainability of yield isMax. Volume or Rate of Use the won't impair its ability to be renewed
- 27Old-Growth forests areare uncut/regenerated forests that haven't been touched by humans or destroyed by natu. disasters in a sign. period
- 28Re-Growth forests arethose that regenerate either after being cleared by humans or natu. disasters
- 2975% of the Earth Surface is covered by Water97% Oceans, 2% Locked in Glaciers or Ice Caps/Groundwater, <1% Available Fresh Water
- 30The basis of Industrialism wasAgriculture
- 31Industrialism leads to Enviro. Pressures-the inital increase in Pop.
-inducing people in inc. consumption
-return. by-products of prod. into the Environment - 32The World Population isover 6 bill. individuals and grows approx 92 mill. a year
- 333 compenants of Population GrowthBirths (fertility), Deaths (Mortality), Migration (Immigration)
- 34Rate of Growth (Pop.) Equation=rate of growth (dN/dt) =rN
- 35Logistic Growth Equationrate of growth (dN/dt) = r
- 36Demography is the study of stats of human population in areas ofFertility, Mortality & Migration
- 37Zero Population Growth (ZPG) isthere is a balance between births and deaths
- 38Demographic transition model statesas the pop. develops Technologically, Socially and Economically, Births decrease
- 39Growth of Urban Population isto be Greatest in Less-Developed Countries
- 40Urbanisation isincr. concentration of pop. in cities and a transformation of land/society to a metropolitian pattern
- 41Ecological Footprints measurethe impact of humans and effect on the Environment
- 42Value of Biodiversity has 3 AspectsEcosystem Services, Biological Resources and Nature of Ecosys. Variation
- 43Biodiversity isthe sum total of all biotic var. from the level of genes to ecosystems
- 44Pollution and Habitat Destruction are the maincauses of Extinction today
- 45Biodiversity at three levels is-Genetic diversity
-Species diversity
-Ecosystem diversity - 46Ecology isstudy of relationships between living organisms (abiotic and biotic)
- 47The Ecological hierarchy1. Individual 2. Population 3. Community
4. Ecosystem 5. Biosphere - 48Adaptation isnatural selection acting on diff. in fitness
- 49Evolution islong term process shaping the genetic make-up of organisms/adapt to change
- 50An Organism can onlyviable existence within its enviro. tolerance limits
- 51Ecological Niche isto a position which an organism fills in its Enviro. and does well with the conditions & resources
- 52Ecosystem isfunctional system formed by communities and their Environment
- 53Producers (autotrophs) isdervie energy from inorganic sources
- 54Consumers (heterotrophs) isdervie energy from organic sources
- 55Photosynthesis Equation isCO2+H20+light energy
= (CH20) + 02 - 56Photosythentic Efficency islight enery is captured by plants converted into organic forms
- 57Primary productivity israte which biomass is produced by its producers (Autotrophs)
- 58Secondary productivity israte of production of new biomass (heterotrophs)
- 59Water Cycle is1. Precipitation 2. Evaporation
3. Transipartion (by Solar) - 60Carbon and Nitrogen cycles isAtmospheric Cycles
- 61Phosporous Cycle isSedimentary Cycle
- 62Nitrogen Cycle is1. Fixation 2. Nitrification
3. Denitrification - 63Matter isanything that takes up space and has mass
- 64Energy isthe ability to do work
- 65Abiotic Environment isRange of factors from basic physical to chemical interactions
- 66Age of the Universe (approx) is10-20 billion yrs ago
- 67Earth was formed5 billion yrs ago
- 68First Law of Thermodynamics isenergy can neither be created nor destroyed
- 69Second Law of Thermodynamics isin every energy transformation, potential energy is reduced as heat energy is lost from the system
- 70Oldest confirmed fossils (to date)3.5 billion yrs ago,
traces suggest 3.7 billion yrs ago - 71Environment isan organism's, or group of organisms'nviro, surrounding
- 72Environmental Science issystematic study of natural and human made world
- 73Human-Earth System isPolitics, Economics, Population and Technology
- 74Biophysical-Earth System is1. Atmosphere 2. Lithosphere
3. Hydrosphere 4. Cryosphere and
5. Biosphere - 75Scientific method isSystematic approach of observation, hypothesis, formulation, testing &
evaluation - 76A Hypothesis isexplanation of an observation or question
- 77A Theory isa hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested with little modification
- 78Steps in the scientific method are1. Background/Observation 2. Question,
3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment
5. Analysis & Interpretation
6. Conclusion & Generalisation
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- Final Exam REN1201 Fichas sobre Final Exam, creado por sbrain95 el 05/06/2016.
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