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Unit 1: Biochemistry Flashcards
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- 1Uses of Radioisotopes- radioactive iodine: can treat certain diseases of the thyroid gland
- Tracers can be put into a molecule to trace path of carbon dioxide in metabolic pathway - 2How is energy related to atomic bonding?-Energy is released when a bond is formed
-Energy must be supplied to break a bond - 3Ionic Bonding-Results from a transfer of electrons
-Anion: a negative ion
-Cation: a positive ion - 4Covalent Bonding-Results from sharing electrons
-Resulting structure: molecule - 5Nonpolar Bond-If electrons are shared equally between two identical atoms
-Symmetrical
-Weak attractions
-Will dissolve oils and fats - 6Polar Bond-If electrons are shared unequally or between any two different atoms
-Unbalanced
-Strong attractions
-Soluble in water - 7Why are water molecules polar?The oxygen atom in a molecule of water exerts a greater pull on the shared electrons than do the hydrogen atoms, one side negative, other positive. Therefore it's asymmetrical.
- 8Hydrogen Bonding-Positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to the negative oxygen of an adjacent molecule
- 9Properties of Water-High specific heat
-High heat of vaporization
-Universal Solvent
-Strong Cohesion Tension
-Ice floats because it's less dense than water - 10High Specific HeatAmount of heat a substance must absorb to increase 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius
- 11Transpirational-pull cohesion tensionWater moves up a tall tree from the roots to the leaves without the expenditure of energy
- 12Capillary ActionCombined forces of cohesion and adhesion
- 13Surface TensionAllows insects to walk on water without breaking the surface
- 14Spring OverturnA frozen layer covers lakes during the winter, insulating it and stabilizing the temperature. In the spring, the ice melts and the newly oxygenated water sinks to the bottom. Winter bacteria comes to the surface.
- 15pH-Measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a solution
-The value of pH is the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter - 16Buffer-Substance that resists changes in pH
-Absorbs excess hydrogen ions or donating when there are too few - 17Most important buffer in human bloodBicarbonate Ion
- 18Isomers (+ 4 Types)-Organic compounds that have same molecular structure but different formula
-Structural, Geometric, Optical [Enantiomers] - 19Structural isomersDiffer in arrangement of atoms
- 20Geometric isomersDiffer only in spatial arrangement around double bonds, which are unflexible
- 21Optical isomers/Enantiomers-Molecules that are mirror images of each other
-L- (Left Handed) and D- (Right Handed) - 22Organic CompoundCompounds that contain carbon
- 23Carbohydrate-Hydrogen to Oxygen ratio always 2:1
- C(n)H(2)O - 24Monosaccharides-C(6)H(12)O(6)
-Ex: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose [Isomers] - 25Disaccharides-C(12)H(22)O(11)
-Two monosaccharides - 26Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)Release of one water molecule from formation of a disaccharide
- 27HydrolysisBreakdown of a compound by adding water; reverse of condensation synthesis
- 28Polysaccharides (Give 4 Examples)-Monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis
-Cellulose, Starch, Chitin, Glycogen
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- Advanced placement (Unit 1: Biochemistry) AP Biology Fichas sobre Unit 1: Biochemistry Flashcards, creado por Alexandra Shockley el 20/07/2016.
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- Alexandra Shockley
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