Fichas
terms and definitions
Fichas del conjunto (53)
- 1kinetic theorystates that matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion
- 2osmosisthe movement of water molecules from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration through a semi permeable membrane
- 3diffusionmovement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration until it is evenly distributed
- 4brownian motionthe haphazard movement of particles in the air that are bombarded with other particles that we cannot see
- 5solid~closely packed together in an orderly fashion
~strong force of attraction
~kinectic energy is low
p.s fixed shape, fixed volume,difficult to compress - 6liquid~loosely packed compared to a solid...#clusters
~weaker force of attraction than solid
~kinectic energy moderate
p.s variable shape , fixed volume, slightly compressible - 7gas~particles are far away from each other(haphazardly arranged)
~little to no force of attraction
~kinetic energy high
p.s variable shape, variable volume, easily compressed - 8melting pointthe temperature at which a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state
- 9boiling pointthe temperature at which a liquid is freely converted to gas or vapour
- 10atomthe smallest part of an element that can exist and till show the properties of that element
- 11elementsubstance made up of one type of atom
- 12moleculeparticles formed when atoms combine by sharing electrons
- 13compoundssubstance formed when two or more different types of elements combine chemically
- 14protonsubatomic particle that is located in the nucleus of an atom. it has a positive electric charge and a relative mass of 1
- 15electronsubatomic particle with a negative charge...relative mass of 0...located on energy shells
- 16neutronnuetral charged subatomic particle , relative mass of 1 and located in the nucleus
- 17mass numbersum of the protons and neutrons found inside the nucleus of an atom
- 18atomic numberthe number of protons in the nucleus
- 19relative atomic massthe ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
- 20isotopeatoms of the same element which has different mass numbers or difference in the number of nucleons
- 21radio active isotoperadioactive isotope or radioisotope, natural or artificially created isotope of a chemical element having an unstable nucleus that decays, emitting alpha, beta, or gamma rays until stability is reached.
- 22allotropeeach of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist
- 23atomic radiusan indication of the atoms size
- 24electronegativityhow strongly an atom attracts electrons
- 25ionization energyThe ionization energy (IE) is qualitatively defined as the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation.
- 26reactivityChemical reactivity is the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical changes in a system.
- 27ionic bondingbonding between a metal and a non metal
- 28covalent bondingbonding between two non metals
- 29metallic bondingbonding between metals
- 30cationspositively charged ion
- 31anionsnegatively charged ions
- 32aqueousof or containing water
- 33diatomic gasesDiatomic molecules are molecules composed of only two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements. The prefix di- is of Greek origin, meaning "two". If a diatomic molecule consists of two atoms of the same element, such as hydrogen (H2) or oxygen (O2), then it is said to be homonuclear.
- 34pure substanceA pure substance is a sample of matter with both definite and constant composition with distinct chemical properties.
- 35mixturesa combination of different things in which the component elements are individually distinct.
- 36homogenousA mixture which has uniform composition and properties throughout.
- 37heterogenousis a mixture that composes of components that aren't uniform or they have localized regions that all have different properties.
- 38solutiona liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).
- 39suspensionA suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of a solvent-like phase some time after their introduction. We apply the word 'suspension' when particles are big enough to eventually settle.
- 40colloidshomogeneous non-crystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. Colloids include gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle, and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension.
- 41emulsiona fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible
- 42solubilitySolubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.
- 43acida molecule or other species which can donate a proton or accept an electron pair a substance with particular chemical properties including turning litmus red, neutralizing alkalis, and dissolving some metals; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind.in reactions
- 44basebases are substances that, in aqueous solution, are slippery to the touch, taste astringent, change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus paper blue), react with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), accept protons from any proton donor,
- 45salta salt is an ionic compound that results from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base
- 46neutral substanceeutral substance is a substance that shows no acid or base properties, has an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions and does not change the colour of litmus-paper.
- 47dipolesMolecular dipoles occur due to the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule. Those atoms that are more electronegative pull the bonded electrons closer to themselves.
- 48intermolecular bondingntermolecular forces (IMFs) are forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).
- 49van der waal forcesweak, short-range electrostatic attractive forces between uncharged molecules, arising from the interaction of permanent or transient electric dipole moments.
- 50intramolecular forcesn intramolecular force is any force that holds together the atoms making up a molecule or compound. They contain all types of chemical bond. They are stronger than intermolecular forces, which are present between atoms or molecules that are not actually bonded.
- 51normal saltsA Normal salt is formed when all the hydrogen ions(H +) of an acid, have been replaced by metal ions or by the ammonium ions(NH4 +)Normal salts may be soluble or insoluble in cold water. all nitrates salts are soluble.
- 52acid saltsalt formed by incomplete replacement of the hydrogen of an acid, e.g. potassium hydrogen sulphate (KHSO4).
- 53thermal decomposition
Información
- Descripción
- important words and phrases used throughout chemistry
- Creado por
- britney simpson
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