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Class Social Inequality
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- 1Marshall (1988)Many people consider themselves to be working class despite being in non-manual jobs
- 2Social class inequality: statistics• In 2013, the poorest fifth of the population paid less tax than the rich but spend more of their income.
• In 2011, the pay of chief executives rose by 49% which left their salary at 145x the amount of their employees
• Those on middle level incomes have experiences larger increases in income than other income classes
• Poverty had become more promenant since the recession in 2008
• In 2012, 33% of households were suffering from poverty compared to 14% in 1983
• There are 3.5 million children in poverty in the UK - 3Pakulski and Waters (1996)People are stratified by cultural differences rather than economic differences
- 4Antonio Gramsci (1971)Hegemony is using cultural and political means to encourage the working class to side with the upperclass. However, the working class are sometimes able to see the inequality
- 5Peter Saunders (1990)A society based on social inequality would only be possible by force as people would not be motivated by economic rewards. Equality of outcomes is impossible.
- 6Tumin (1953)The importance of position is subjective and people in high positions are not questioned on whether they deserve their earnings.
- 7Davis and Moore (1945)Social stratification allows effective role allocation performance to ensure high standards
A position is functionally unique if a small number of people can fill the role - 8Parsons (1951)In society some indivduals are better than others at achieving worthy things
- 9Savage and Egerton (1991) (the NCDS study)• There were mobility chances for the working class
• Women have different class mobility - 10Goldthorpe (Oxford Mobility study)• Upward mobility after WW2
• Increase in absolute mobility - 11Intragenerational mobilityMoving through the course of life into new social classes
- 12Intergenerational mobilityDifferent movements among generations
- 13Atkinson (2013)There is an increasing proportion of wealth that comes from inherited wealth. Inequalities are not dowm to difference in talent as many people inherit wealth now
- 14The Hills Report (2010)• Income equality has reached the highest since after WW2
• Wealth levels affect life expectancy
• Economic position is inherited - 15Trends in income equality1950s-1970s - narrowing of income equality
1980s - sharp increase in inequality
1990s - narrowing of inequality - 16Max WeberSome members of society have more opportunities than others. This is the concept of life chances
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- Flashcards on Social Inequality, created by Jamie Fellows on 18/03/2017.
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- Jamie Fellows
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