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- 1CPU is the central processing unit. is fetching instruction from memory and executing them. It’s responsible for executing a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The clock speed - Calculated in megahertz and gigahertz. The more cores you have the heavy tasks you can do. There is normally a fan on top of the CPU to cool downThe clock speed - also known as clock rate - indicates how fast the CPU can run. This is measured in megahertz or gigahertz and corresponds with how many instruction cycles the CPU can deal with in a second.
Some people increase a CPU clock speed to try to make their computer run faster - this is called overclocking. - 2BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System and BIOS is a software BIOS is a set of computer instructions in firmware which control input and output operations.RAM is a fast temporary type of memory in which programs, applications and data are stored. If a computer loses power all data in the RAM will be lost forever
ROM is memory that cannot be changed by a program or user. ROM retains its memory even after the computer is turned off. - 3Computational Thinking- Tackling a problem through decomposition, abstraction and Algorithmic thinking. Abstraction- Picking out the important information and ignoring the specific detail that don't matter Decomposition- Breaking down a complex problem/s down into smaller problems and solving them individually Algorithmic Thinking- A logical way of getting from the problem to the solutionTopologies- The layout of a network, networks can be arranged in lots of different topologies, most common ones are star and mesh
Star - In this topology all the devices are connected to a central switch or server that controls all the network
Mesh- In mesh networking, each node is connected to one or more other nodes. Information is passed from one node to the next, until it reaches its target destination. - 4An operating system (or OS) is the name for a group of computer programs, device drivers, kernel, and other things that let a user work with a computer. It can be small (like MenuetOS), or big (like Microsoft Windows).Different operating systems can be used for different purposes. Some are used for every day things like on a personal computer.
- 5The main job of the CPU is to execute programs using the fetch-decode-execute cycle (also known as the instruction cycle). This cycle begins as soon as you turn on a computer. To execute a program, the program code is copied from secondary storage into the main memory. The CPU's program counter is set to the memory location where the first instruction in the program has been stored, and execution begins. The program is now running.
- 6Hexadecimal (or hex) is a base 16 system used to simplify how binary is represented. A hex digit can be any of the following 16 digits: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F. Each hex digit reflects a 4-bit binary sequence
- 7Logic gates are a family of digital devices which compare two or more inputs and give a specific output. Each logic gate (NOT, AND, NAND, OR, NOR etc) acts in a different way, and will always act so. The action of any logic gate is shown by a Truth Table, eg the AND gate will only give a high output, when all the inputs are high. Some more common symbols are shown in the diagram below, including output components and logic gates.
- 8ASCII and Unicode Two standard character sets are ASCII and Unicode. ASCII The ASCII character set is a 7-bit set of codes that allows 128 different characters. That is enough for every upper-case letter, lower-case letter, digit and punctuation mark on most keyboards. ASCII is only used for the English language. This table shows some examples of letters represented using the ASCII character set:
- 9Introducing networks A network is created when more than one device is connected together. A network can be a small collection of computers connected within a building (eg a school, business or home) or it can be a wide collection of computers connected around the world.Data packets
The main purpose of networking is to share data between computers. A file has to be broken up into small chunks of data known as data packets in order to be transmitted over a network. The data is then re-built once it reaches the destination computer. Networking hardware is required to connect computers and manage how data packets are communicated. Protocols are used to control how data is transmitted across networks. - 10Advantages Communication – it is easy (and often free) to communicate using email, text messages, voice calls and video calls. Roaming – if information is stored on a network, it means users are not fixed to one place. They can use computers anywhere in the world to access their information. Sharing information – it is easy to share files and information over a network. Music and video files, for instance, can be stored on one device and shared across many computers, so every computer does not need to fill the hard drive with files. Sharing resources – it is easy to share resources such as printers. Twenty computers in a room could share one printer over a network. Sharing software – it is possible to stream software using web applications. This avoids needing to download and store the whole software file.Disadvantages
Dependence – users relying on a network might be stuck without access to it.
Hacking - criminal hackers attempt to break into networks in order to steal personal information and banking details. This wouldn't be possible on a stand-alone computer without physically getting into the room, but with a network it is easier to gain access.
Hardware – routers, network cards and other network hardware is required to set up a network. At home, it is quite easy to set up a wireless network without much technical expertise. However, a complicated network in a school or an office would require professional expertise.
Viruses - networks make it easier to share viruses and other malware. They can quickly spread and damage files on many computers via a network.
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- GCSE Computer Science Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Kausar Chowdhury el 07/06/2017.
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- Kausar Chowdhury
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