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Lecture 03 Electrical Conductivity Problems
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- 1T/F: Heart rhythm can be generated anywhere within the electrical conduction system.T.
- 2What is the normal depolarization sequence of the heart?1. SA node
2. AV node
3. bundle of his
4. left/right branches
5. purkinje network - 3What is the benefit of the pause at AV node?1. Allowing ventricles to relax and refill
2. allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction (atrial kick) - 4Why can the pacemakers depolarize spontaneously?They have unstable resting membrane potentials.
- 5During the absolute refractory period of cardiac cells, the Na channels are ______. Cell is hence unable to generate _______.Closed.
Unable to generate AP. - 6What are the 4 underlying causes of arrythmia?1. excitability problem
2. myocardial heterogeneity
3. conduction problems
4. repolarization problems - 7How can ischemia result in arrhythmia?ischemia --> affects electrolyte balance --> generation of spontaneous or abnormally conducted impulses
- 8How does thyroid disease tigger arrhythmia?1. altered level of T3 and T4
2. activtion of RAAS system
3. increased preload
4. increased cardiac output - 9Mechanical stretch increases/decreases Ca2+ overload, RAAS activation, endothelin-1, natriuretic peptides, oxidative stress, heat shock proteins.Increases.
- 10What are some clinical presentations of atrial tachy?1. rapid pulse rate and palpitation
2. dyspnea, dizziness, syncope
3. impaired diastolic filling and SV, chest pressure - 11A dysrhythmia that is highly associated with CAD, CHF, and valvular heart disease is ________.A-fib
- 12The impaired atrial contribution to LV end-diastolic volume results in reduced ____ and hence ________. Resulting in symptoms such as SOB, lightheadedness, fatigue, exercise intolerance.Reduced SV and hence CO.
- 13What is another coagulation-related problem associated with a-fib?embolic stroke
- 14Paroxysmal AF is usually managed by _____ control, while permanent AF is managed by ________ control. Persistent AF is managed by _______.Paroxysmal: rhythm control
permanent: rate control
persistent: either - 15T/F: there is no p-wave in v-tach ECG.F. P wave is present but not discernable.
- 16Ventricular rate during v-tach is about ___bpm.110 - 250
- 17What are some clinical presentation of V-tach?1. palpitation, anxiety, tachypnea
2. lightheadedness, syncope, hypotension
3. may deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation - 18T/F: V-fib is usually associated with cardiac arrest.T.
- 19Sinus bradycardia has a P: QRS rate of _______.1:1
- 20T/F: Sinus bradycardia is always symptomatic.F. Maybe in trained athletes/ patient on BB.
- 21What are some symptoms of bradycardia?1. dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope
2. chest pain, SOB, exercise intolerance - 22Junctional rhythm is also called ______ rhythm. Symptoms include ______, ______ and _______. P wave (leads/follows) QRS complex.Nodal rhythm.
Symptoms: palpitation, fatigue, presyncopal symptoms.
P wave [follows] QRS. - 23If the R is far from P, then you have a _______First degree
- 24Longer, longer, longer, drop! Then you have a _____Wenkebach (second degree, mobitz I)
- 25If some Ps don't get through, then you have ________.Mobitz II
- 26If P and Qs don't agree, then you have a ____________.Third degree.
- 27Palpitation is more common in second degree mobitz ____ while syncope is more common in mobitz ___.Palpitation: Mobitz I.
Syncope: Mobitz II. - 28Drug used for cardioversion is usually ________.adenosine
- 29When patient is undergoing electrical cardioversion, the discharge is delivered during ________.Systole
- 30Electrical defibrillation is only used for which two conditions?1. V-fib
2. V-tach - 31Which implanted device is the best for bradycardia alone and which one is the best for brady and tachy?1. pacemaker is god for brady alone
2. AICD (automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator) is good for both - 32What is the theory behind radiofrequency ablation?To remove irritable foci to suppress tachyarrhythmia
- 33What is the theory behind maze procedure?To make incisions in RA and sewn it closed, so that the abnormal impulses cannot pass through. (best for A-Fib)
- 34What maneuver can be used to slow/ convert supraventricular tachys?Vagal maneuver. (gagging, valsava, immersion face in ice water, carotid massage, coughing, pressing firmly over eyelids.
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- 536 Cardiopulm Patho Fichas sobre Lecture 03 Electrical Conductivity Problems, creado por Mia Li el 19/09/2017.
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- Mia Li
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