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linguistics 1-5
Fichas del conjunto (54)
- 1LinguisticsStudy of human language; study of organization, structure, form and functions of language
- 2Theoretical linguisticsDevelops methods of study for the linguistic analysis
- 3Applied Linguisticsstudy and resolution of language problems
- 4Languagesystem of arbitrary signs used in society for communication
- 5Signwords and expressions which stand for other things
- 6Arbitrarinessthe form of linguistic signs bear no natural resemblance to their meaning
- 7Systema group of elements which interact (body, chess, society)
- 8Structurea sequence of units that are in certain relationship with one another
- 9Communicationintentional exchange of information
- 10Phoneticssounds
- 11PhonologyCombinations of sounds
- 12Morphologyinternal structure of words
- 13SyntaxSentences
- 14Semanticsmeaning
- 15PragmaticsMeaning in use
- 16Design features of languageVocal auditory channel
Broadcast transmission and directional reception
Rapid fading
Interchangeability
Total feedback
Semancity
Arbitrariness
Creativity
Gramaticality
Duality
etc - 17Functions of languageReferential
Emotive
Conative
Poetic
Phatic
Performative
Metalinguistic - 18Worda single unit of language which can be spoken or written
- 19lexemethe unit listed in dictionaries as separate entry, belonging to some lexical category
- 20lexicologythe story of words/vocabulary of language
- 21lexicographythe compiling of dictionaries (applied linguistics)
- 22lexiconthe vocabulary of language, list of all lexical items
- 23listemesound-meaning combination
- 24Open categoriesNouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs
- 25Closed CategoriesPronouns, particles, prepositions, determiners, conjunctions
- 26Morphememinimal meaningful unit
- 27allomorphvariant form of morpheme: a/an, -s, -z, etc.
- 28Orthographic wordhas a space on either side of it
- 29morphological worda unique form, considers only form, not meaning
- 30a lexical wordthe various forms closely related by meaning
- 31a semantic worddistinguishes between items morphologically identical, but different meaning
- 32Polysemyone morphological word, two semantic words
- 33Phonemethe smallest significant unit of speech
- 34Affixa morpheme bound in specific position
- 35Rootbase form
- 36Derivational morphology (word formation)formation of new lexemes; process of lexical innovation. ex. work/worker/workplace
- 37Inflectional morphologydeals with grammatical relationships, various form of one lexeme ex. work/working
process of lexical adaptation - 38Word formationformation of new lexemes; a process of lexical innovation
- 39Conversion(zero derivation, functional shift) changing the meaning without changing type
- 40Root creationsKodak, nylon, blurb
- 41Commonization (eponyms)sandwich, lynch, boycott, diesel, platonic
- 42Clippingshortening
ex. (air)plane, bus, van, vegan, info, lab - 43Hypocorismsreduction to one syllable +y/ie: movie, telly, indie, cabbie
- 44Blending (two words)chunnel, workaholic, spam, Polglish
- 45Back-formation (Noun>Verb)editor>edit, beggar>beg, donation>donate
- 46Abbreviationsinitialisms: TV, DJ, VIP, BMX, DVD
acronyms: letter-words: WASP, AIDS, NATO, laser, radar
syllable-words: FORTRAN - 47Productivitysome affixes are more productive than the other (-er, -ed, -s). If there's a possibility to extend the morphological pattern in order to create new words, it's referred as a productive pattern
- 48Transparencytransparent lexemes are clearly analysable into constituent morphemes, ex. airmail, killer dog, blackbird
- 49Opaquenessopaque lexemes may have unpredictable meaning, ex. blackmail, underdog, ladybird.
- 50Derivationprefixation, suffixation, conversion
- 51compoundingcomposition
- 52endocentric compoundsone element determines another, usually the first element is modyfying, the second is the head, ex. armchair (kind of a chair), bookcase (kind of a case), fishing rod, but also son-in-law
- 53exocentric compoundsnone of the elements determines another, ex. pickpocket, wagtail, foxglove, make-up
- 54appositional compoundsboth elements contribute to the meaning, ex. boyfriend, maidservant, womandoctor
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre linguistics 1-5, creado por Takaocchi el 14/09/2014.
- Creado por
- Takaocchi · sep 2014
- Actualizado
- 6 abr 2018
- Visitas
- 146
- Valoración