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Flashcards

linguistics 1-5

Takaocchi English 54 cards

Cards in this deck (54)

  1. 1LinguisticsStudy of human language; study of organization, structure, form and functions of language
  2. 2Theoretical linguisticsDevelops methods of study for the linguistic analysis
  3. 3Applied Linguisticsstudy and resolution of language problems
  4. 4Languagesystem of arbitrary signs used in society for communication
  5. 5Signwords and expressions which stand for other things
  6. 6Arbitrarinessthe form of linguistic signs bear no natural resemblance to their meaning
  7. 7Systema group of elements which interact (body, chess, society)
  8. 8Structurea sequence of units that are in certain relationship with one another
  9. 9Communicationintentional exchange of information
  10. 10Phoneticssounds
  11. 11PhonologyCombinations of sounds
  12. 12Morphologyinternal structure of words
  13. 13SyntaxSentences
  14. 14Semanticsmeaning
  15. 15PragmaticsMeaning in use
  16. 16Design features of languageVocal auditory channel
    Broadcast transmission and directional reception
    Rapid fading
    Interchangeability
    Total feedback
    Semancity
    Arbitrariness
    Creativity
    Gramaticality
    Duality
    etc
  17. 17Functions of languageReferential
    Emotive
    Conative
    Poetic
    Phatic
    Performative
    Metalinguistic
  18. 18Worda single unit of language which can be spoken or written
  19. 19lexemethe unit listed in dictionaries as separate entry, belonging to some lexical category
  20. 20lexicologythe story of words/vocabulary of language
  21. 21lexicographythe compiling of dictionaries (applied linguistics)
  22. 22lexiconthe vocabulary of language, list of all lexical items
  23. 23listemesound-meaning combination
  24. 24Open categoriesNouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs
  25. 25Closed CategoriesPronouns, particles, prepositions, determiners, conjunctions
  26. 26Morphememinimal meaningful unit
  27. 27allomorphvariant form of morpheme: a/an, -s, -z, etc.
  28. 28Orthographic wordhas a space on either side of it
  29. 29morphological worda unique form, considers only form, not meaning
  30. 30a lexical wordthe various forms closely related by meaning
  31. 31a semantic worddistinguishes between items morphologically identical, but different meaning
  32. 32Polysemyone morphological word, two semantic words
  33. 33Phonemethe smallest significant unit of speech
  34. 34Affixa morpheme bound in specific position
  35. 35Rootbase form
  36. 36Derivational morphology (word formation)formation of new lexemes; process of lexical innovation. ex. work/worker/workplace
  37. 37Inflectional morphologydeals with grammatical relationships, various form of one lexeme ex. work/working
    process of lexical adaptation
  38. 38Word formationformation of new lexemes; a process of lexical innovation
  39. 39Conversion(zero derivation, functional shift) changing the meaning without changing type
  40. 40Root creationsKodak, nylon, blurb
  41. 41Commonization (eponyms)sandwich, lynch, boycott, diesel, platonic
  42. 42Clippingshortening
    ex. (air)plane, bus, van, vegan, info, lab
  43. 43Hypocorismsreduction to one syllable +y/ie: movie, telly, indie, cabbie
  44. 44Blending (two words)chunnel, workaholic, spam, Polglish
  45. 45Back-formation (Noun>Verb)editor>edit, beggar>beg, donation>donate
  46. 46Abbreviationsinitialisms: TV, DJ, VIP, BMX, DVD
    acronyms: letter-words: WASP, AIDS, NATO, laser, radar
    syllable-words: FORTRAN
  47. 47Productivitysome affixes are more productive than the other (-er, -ed, -s). If there's a possibility to extend the morphological pattern in order to create new words, it's referred as a productive pattern
  48. 48Transparencytransparent lexemes are clearly analysable into constituent morphemes, ex. airmail, killer dog, blackbird
  49. 49Opaquenessopaque lexemes may have unpredictable meaning, ex. blackmail, underdog, ladybird.
  50. 50Derivationprefixation, suffixation, conversion
  51. 51compoundingcomposition
  52. 52endocentric compoundsone element determines another, usually the first element is modyfying, the second is the head, ex. armchair (kind of a chair), bookcase (kind of a case), fishing rod, but also son-in-law
  53. 53exocentric compoundsnone of the elements determines another, ex. pickpocket, wagtail, foxglove, make-up
  54. 54appositional compoundsboth elements contribute to the meaning, ex. boyfriend, maidservant, womandoctor

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Description
Flashcards on linguistics 1-5, created by Takaocchi on 14/09/2014.
Created by
Takaocchi · Sep 2014
Updated
Apr 6, 2018
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146
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