Fichas
Geography Restless Earth
Fichas del conjunto (31)
- 1LithosphereUppermost layer of the earth; the crust and rock found on the surface
- 2AsthenosphereMolten, upper part of the mantle which helps drive the tectonic plates
- 3Core5000 degree heat generated by radioactivity. Convection currents in mantle distribute heat. Solid inner and liquid outer core create magnetism
- 4PangeaOriginal super-continent, all land masses together 250 million years ago
- 5Plate TectonicsMovement of earths crust in sections (plates) by the mantle below.
- 6MantleSemi-solid with convection currents heated by the core beneath
- 7Plate boundaryThe place where two plates touch (Constructive, Destructive etc)
- 8Constructive/Divergent Plate boundaryWhere plates move apart allowing magma to rise to the surface creating new crust. Volcanoes and earthquakes occur here. e.g. Iceland
- 9Conservative/Transform Plate boundaryWhere two plates slide past each other either in opposite direction or same direction but at different speeds. Has earthquakes but not volcanoes e.g. San Andreas fault in Cali
- 10Destructive/ Convergent plate boundaryWhere an oceanic plate subducts beneath beneath a less dense continental plate. Fold mountains, ocean trenches, island arcs, both volcanoes and earthquakes e.g. Japan
- 11Collision Plate boundaryA type of destructive plate boundary where two continental plate boundaries collide and push up to form mountain ranges e.g the Himalayas
- 12EarthquakeThe result of a build up of stress within the earths crust and a sudden release of energy that creates seismic waves.
- 13FocusThe location within the crust at which the earthquake occurs
- 14EpicentreThe point of worst effect on the earths surface directly above the focus
- 15MagnitudeThe power and size of an earthquake or volcanic eruption
- 16Richter scaleMeasures the strength of an earthquake, recorded using a seismometer.
- 17Mercalli ScaleVisual description of the damage an earthquake causes (1-12 scale)
- 18Fore / AftershockEarth tremors arriving before / after a major earthquake
- 19Base isolatorShock absorbing foundations making buildings earthquake resistant.
- 20Hot spotVolcano, normally in the middle of a plate above a mantle plume. E.g. Hawaii.
- 21Shield volcanoGentle slopes, runny fast flowing lava, rarely dangerous. E.g. Hawaii.
- 22BasaltVery runny lava from volcanoes on constructive margins & hot spots.
- 23Composite coneVolcano with steep slopes, ash and lava flows, explosive.
- 24Pyroclastic flowGlowing cloud of hot ash and gas sweeping down a volcano at 200km/h.
- 25LaharsRain triggered volcanic ash mudslides on steep slopes. Sets like concrete.
- 26VEIVolcanic Explosivity Index – measure of an eruption’s energy.
- 27International aidCountries offer expertise, resources & equipment to deal with disasters.
- 28Continental CrustRelatively light but thick crust. It is never created or destroyed so is much older than oceanic crust
- 29Oceanic CrustDense but relatively thin crust, created at constructive margins and destroyed at destructive margins, so younger than continental crust.
- 30Convection CurrentCurrents generated by heat from the core – the mechanism for movement of the plates.
- 31MagnetosphereProtects us from harmful radiation. Exists because of movement in the core.
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- GCSE Geography Fichas sobre Geography Restless Earth , creado por Finn Treadaway el 20/02/2015.
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- Finn Treadaway
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