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Circulatory/ Respitory System
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- 1Arteries/Arterioles (Oxygenated blood)Arteries: The larger vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Under greater pressure that is why the layers are stronger and thicker.
Arterioles: A smaller version of arteries. The prime controller of BP. Serves as a gatekeeper to capillaries. Responds to the nervous system and hormones - 2Veins/Venules (deoxygenated blood)Veins: The larger vessel that takes blood to the heart. They have valves to prevent backflow.
Venules: The smaller version of veins - 3CapillariesSmallest blood vessel (large surface area and blood move slowly) where gas exchange occurs. Blood is brought close to tissue (alveoli in the case of lungs) to allow diffusion from high concentration to low concentration.
- 4Layers of blood vesselsInner Layer: Epithelial lining
Smooth muscle layer
Outer layer: Connective tissue - 5Blood PressureVasoconstriction: Vessel diameter gets smaller, therefore, BP goes up. This is regulated adrenaline (epinephrine) which triggers Ca needed to contract smooth muscle.
Vasodilation: Vessel diameter gets bigger, therefore, BP goes down. - 6Heart BasicsMyocardium: Muscle part of the heart
Endocardium: Lining of the heart chambers (Atria and Ventricles)
Pericardium: Outer sac filled with fluid surrounding and protecting the heart. - 7Coronary CirculationVessels on the surface of the heart provide blood to the heart muscles
- 8Artificial Pacemaker/ DefibulatorsArtificial Pacemaker: takes over the SA node's normal function.
Defibulators: Generate jolt of electricity to rest normal heartbeat - 9Heart RateNormal: 60-80 contractions per min.
This can change when there is an inc. in oxygen demands or change in blood pH - 10Blood Pressure MeasurementsAmount of pressure against the walls of blood vessel (Heard best in arteries)
Systolic pressure: top#, when the ventricles contract
Diastolic Pressure: Bottom#, when ventricles relax - 11BP RegulationRegulated through water retention and release from kidneys. Retention Hormones: Anti-diuretic, Aldosterone Release Hormones: Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
Can, also, be regulated through vasoconstriction/vasodilation - 12Ideal BP ECG/EKGIdeal BP: systolic <120/ diastolic <80
Hypotension: Low BP <90/<60
ECG/EKG: Measures electrical events in the heart - 13Functions of the Respiratory SystemGas exchange, transport, microbial defense, vocal communication, and regulation of pH
- 14Nasal CavityFilters and moistens the air, sense of smell, has hair and cilia for filtration, has mucus to trap microbes and moisten tissue
- 15Pharynx (throat)Connects nasal cavity to trachea
- 16LarynxVoicebox made of cartilage w/ surrounding ligaments and sounds is made when air goes over these chords
- 17TracheaCartilage rings covered w/ epithelial tissue, mucus, and cilia. Surrounded in smooth muscle
- 18BronchiBranches off the trachea that moves toward the left and right side covered w/ mucus and cilia
- 19BronchiolesSmaller branches off the bronchi and is covered in mucus with alveoli at the ends
- 20AlveoliThe cluster of air sacs made of epithelial tissue where gas exchange occurs. Surfactant is secreted from here which decreases the surface tension of the pleural membrane of the lungs keeping alveoli open
- 21Amount of lobes in the lungsRight Lung: 3
Left Lung: 2 - 22Breathing RateControlled by the concentration of CO2 in the blood. The main goal is to get rid of CO2
- 23Ventilation RateControlled by the Breathing Control Centers in the medulla oblongata. Responds to high levels of CO2 and low levels of pH
- 24BCCAs CO2 levels elevate some is converted to carbonic acid which lowers the pH of the blood by making it more acidic and bonds to hemoglobin. BCC in newborns is triggered when the umbilical cord is cut
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- Biology Fichas sobre Circulatory/ Respitory System , creado por Emilee Strohl el 28/03/2020.
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- Emilee Strohl
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