Fichas
Week 1 - Cell Organization
Fichas del conjunto (30)
- 1cytoplasmsite of many metabolic pathways and protein synthesis; includes the cytoskeleton; thick solution composed of water, salts, and proteins contained by cell membrane; cytosol + organelles (all material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus)
- 2golgi apparatuscarbohydrate modification and maturation of membrane and secretory proteins; modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion or delivery to another organelle
- 3endoplasmic reticulumprotein synthesis and glycosylation; synthesis of proteins for distribution to many organelles; calcium storage, drug metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis (synthesis of most lipids)
- 4lysosomesintracellular degradation (degradation of cellular components and extracellular particles)
- 5plasma membraneinterface of cell to external environment; consists of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; selectively permeable; involved in cell adhesion, signaling, and ion conductivity
- 6mitochondriaATP production by oxidative phosphorylation
- 7peroxisomesoxidative reactions; oxidation of toxic molecules
- 8ribonucleic acid (RNA)polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes
- 9lipidsnaturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (ex. vit A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, etc; main biological functions include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes
- 10gated transportselective pores restrict the movement of large macromolecules but allow diffusion of small molecules (ex. nuclear transport, primary cilium)
- 11nucleuscontains main genome; DNA and RNA synthesis
- 12endosomessorting of endocytosed material
- 13transmembrane transportmembrane bound translocators transport proteins across membranes (ex. ER translocation, mitochondria)
- 14vesicular transportmembrane bound vesicles loaded with cargo ferry molecules between compartments (ex. Golgi transport, endocytosis and exocytosis)
- 15phagocytosisingestion of large particles and delivery to lysosomes
- 16pinocytosisingestion of small bits of the plasma membrane with extracellular fluid
- 17receptor-mediated endocytosisendocytotic mechanism in which specific molecules are ingested into the cell. The specificity results from a receptor-ligand interaction. Receptors on the plasma membrane of the target tissue will specifically bind to ligands on the outside of the cell
- 18exocytosisdurable, energy-consuming process by which a cell directs the contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell membrane and into the extracellular space
- 19cytoskeletonmicrotubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments; mechanical support. cell shape, movement; critical for protein, RNA, and organelle anchoring and transport in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus; plays role in mitosis and cytokinesis; form specialized organelles (cilia and flagella)
- 20mitosispart of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus
- 21cytokinesisthe physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis, which occur in animal cells
- 22intermediate filamentsconnects adjacent epithelial cells into sheets; resists shear forces, compression, stretching by controlling the viscoelasticity of cytoplasm; anchors organelles; form non-polar flexible rope-like structures
- 23actin microfilamentscontrol cell shape and movement; major component of muscle; flexible and polarized; form microvilli, sarcomeres; nuclear actin involved in transcription, nuclear transport; found in all cells; in motile or muscle cells, arranged in 3D network that cells use to generate force
- 24microtubulesmajor component of mitotic spindle; have structural polarity with a + and a - end; organized in cells from the centrosome; minus end always embedded in centrosome; grow and shrink by dynamic instability; main highways in the cell; form cilia and flagella (9+2)
- 25centrosomemicrotubule organizing center (MTOC); contains hundreds of gamma-tubulin rings from which microtubules polymerize; contains centrioles (no role in microtubule organization)
- 26microtubule associated proteins (MAPs)assist in microtubule dynamics and the movement of cargo along microtubules
- 27motor proteinsATP hydrolysis (energy) = large scale structural changes to generate mechanical force; play role in movement of organelles and macromolecular complexes too large to move by diffusion; play role in cell division and cell movement; head domain for motor activity + cargo binding domain
- 28kinesinsbelong to large superfamily with related structure and functions; all move on microtubules towards plus end (away from MTOC and towards cell periphery - anterograde movement)
- 29dyneinsbelong to small family of motors with similar structure to kinesins but move towards minus end of microtubules (retrograde movement); divided into two groups (1. cytoplasmic, found in call cells 2. axonemal, found in cilia and flagella)
- 30myosinlarge superfamily of motor proteins; interact with actin microfilaments or thin filaments of actin (in muscle) to generate force; associated with actin to form contractile structures; in a non-muscle cell, association with actin leads to cell locomotion
Información
- Descripción
- Foundations 1 Fichas sobre Week 1 - Cell Organization , creado por Mellie Montoya el 20/08/2015.
- Creado por
- Mellie Montoya · ago 2015
- Actualizado
- 19 feb 2016
- Visitas
- 10
- Etiquetas
- Valoración