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Exotic diseases of dogs
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- 1What are the main exotic diseases to be aware of in dogs?Rabies, leishmaniosis, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis brucellosis, anclostomyosis and dirofliaria
- 2What is the most common form of rabies in europe?sylvatic form
- 3What is the virus in bats which can cause rabies in humans?llysavirus
- 4How does rabies enter the nervous system?it enters through a bite, uses the ACH receptors on the sensory neurone then travels retrograde up to the brain
- 5What are the two presentations of rabies?Paralytic (dumb) or encephalitic (furious)
- 6What procedure should be taken if the animal is suspected of having rabies?cage the animal,call the police or LA, wait
DO NOT PTS OR REFER - 7What is the procedure when being bitten by a suspected rabid animal (including bats?Clean the wound with 20% soap, irrigate with 45% ethanol using a 20 ml syringe, get an IgG vaccine both locally and systemically
- 8What is the leishmanosis in europe?Leishmanosis infantum
- 9which countries commonly have leishmania?Portugal, itally and south of france
- 10How is leishmania passed on?through sand flies and direct contact
- 11where are sand flies most commonly seen?Beaches and in woods.
- 12what are the symptoms of leishmania?Its a waxing and waning condition, there may be pyrexia, lymphadenopathy, pale mucus membranes, exfoliative dermatitis, periocular alopecia, mucocutaenous ulcerations and nodular lesions, sifting lameness and anemia. Most present with just a couple of skin lesions
- 13How is leishmania confirmed?Direct identification on a bone marrow aspirate or lymph node aspirate. There are ELISA's available although they cannot confirm if the infection is current or not. Bristol have the facilities to conduct a PCR.
- 14How is leishmania prevented?keep the animal in at peak sand fly activity, use of insect repellent- deltamythrin collar and there is a vaccine available which needs 3 doses over 9 weeks- this doesn't prevent infection just the number of parasites to infect
- 15What is the treatment for leishmania?Pentavalent antimonials (megulmine antimonite or sodium stibogluconate) or allopurinol. Megulmine antimonite is given as a daily injection for 4 weeks whilst allopurinol is given BID for 6 months.
- 16What are ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis classified as?Rickettsia infections
- 17how are ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis transmitted?by tick
- 18What are the signs of an acute ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis infection?Pyrexia, lymphadenopathy, petechiations, epitaxis and pale mucus membranes. In anaplasmosis infections there will also be joint swellings which develop into pancytopenias and hyperglobinemias.
- 19which breed of dog is predisposed to getting a chronic anaplasmosis or ehrlichiosis infection?German sheapards
- 20what is the treatment option for ehrlichiosis?doxycycline and low does short term preds
- 21what transmits babesiosis?Ticks
- 22what are the two babesia infections in euope?Gibsoni and canis
- 23what are the ticks which carry the babesia infections?Dermacentor reticularis and rephicephalus sangualis
- 24What are the signs associated with babesiosis?they are variable although some signs of the acute disease include; lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia, hemolytic anemia, shock DIC an death
- 25How is babesia diagnosed?Blood smears using peripheral ear blood.
- 26what is the treatment for babesia?Blood transfusions, imidocarb (note this is painful and hepatotoxic), short term low does preds and treatment of concurrent erhlichiosis (even if it cannot be seen on the smears)
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- Bvms (rabies) small animals Fichas sobre Exotic diseases of dogs, creado por buzzybea1 el 18/02/2014.
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