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Biology Midterms Study Set

Ebony Ila Biology 9th grade Inglés 56 fichas

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  1. 1EndocytosisCell engulfs a large molecule and brings it into the cell in a vesicle. Endocytosis is active.
  2. 2ExcocytosisA vesicle fusing with the cell membrane releasing its contents outside. Excocytosis is active.
  3. 3OsmosisThe diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration. Osmosis is passive.
  4. 4DiffusionIntermingling of substances by the natural movement of their particles. Diffusion is passive.
  5. 5In cell: 95% Solutes, 65% Water Solution: 45% Solutes, 45% Water What direction will water move?This is a hypertonic solution and water will move into the cell.
  6. 6Monomer of ProteinsAmino Acids
  7. 7Function of Proteins1. Transportation and Storage of Hemoglobin
    2. Build Up and Maintain Body Tissues
    3. Structure
    4. Enzyme Production
  8. 8Monomer of CarbohydratesMonosaccaharides
  9. 9Function of CarbohydratesEnergy and Structure
  10. 10Monomer of Nucleic AcidsNucleotides
  11. 11Function of Nucleic AcidsStorage and Transportation of Genetic Material
  12. 12Monomer of LipidsFatty Acids and Glycerol
  13. 13Function of LipidsCushioning for Organs, Horomones, Cell Membrane, Energy Storage
  14. 14Primary Component of Cell Membrane?Phospolipids
  15. 15Describe the two parts of this component. What is the chemical nature of each part?There is a head and a tail to a phospolipid. The head of the phospolipid is hydrophilic, meaning that it loves water and the tails are hydrophobic meaning that they hate water. The phospholipids arrange themselves in a phospolipic bilayer so that the tails are away from the water but the head isn't.
  16. 16What are the two other components of the cell membrane?Cholesterol and Carbohydrates
  17. 17Primary functions of the cell membrane?1. Protect the Cell
    2. Control movement in and out of the cell
  18. 18Define SemipermeableSemipermeable- Allowing certain substances/ molecules to pass through, but not others
  19. 19Define Selectivley PermeableRequires transportation of certain molecules to get through.
  20. 20What are the two different types of cells? How do scientists distinguish the difference between them?The two different types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Scientists can distinguish the difference between the two in two ways:
    1: The prokaryotic cell is exclusive to bacteria and the eukaryotic cell is exclusive to plants, animals, and fungi.
    2: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, but the prokaryotic cells do not.
  21. 21Four Major Organelle Types and their Function?Nucleus- Contains genetic material
    Mitochondria: Produce energy currency of the cell and regulates cell metabolism.
    Ribosomes: Produce Proteins
    Chlorplasts: Convert light energy into sugars usable by the cell.
  22. 22Two organelles almost exclusive to plant cells?Chloroplast and Cell Wall
  23. 23Organizational Levels of Life?Cells---Tissues---Organs---Organ Systems
  24. 24Molecules moving with the concentration gradient are moving from areas of...High Concentration to Low Concentration
  25. 25Passive transport moves molecules with the concentration gradient. Does it require energy to do this?No
  26. 26Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient. Does it require energy to do this?Yes
  27. 27In the Cell: 50% Solutes, 50% Water Outside the Cell: 50% Solutes, 50% Water What type of solution is this and what direction will the water move in?This is an isotonic solution and there is no net movement because the amount of water in the cell and the solution is equal.
  28. 28What can happen to cells in hypotonic solutions? What about cells in hypertonic solutions?In hypotonic solutions, cells can shrivel up because they aren't getting enough of what they need. In a hypertonic solution, cells can burst due to too much.
  29. 29What happens to a salt water fish's cells when it is placed in fresh water?( A salt- water fish's cells are about 70% h20 and 30% solutes. Freshwater is approximatley 98% h20 and 2% solutes.)A salt water fish would have cells expanding and then eventually explode and the fish will eventually die because too much water is moving into the cell.
  30. 30Define HomeostasisAbility to maintain a constant internal environment in the body.
  31. 31Define Feedback Loop( Negative ): Part of the system reduces output in the system.
    ( Positive ): The counterpart to negative feedback.
  32. 32Define StimulusStimulus: An input/ alteration to the variable
  33. 33Define ReceptorReceptor: Senses change in the variable
  34. 34Define Integrating CenterCompares against reference value
  35. 35Define EffectorEffector: Make adjustments to the variable
  36. 36Define ResponseResponse: Any behavior of a living organsim that results from an external or internal stimulus.
  37. 37Identify the characteristics of lifeC: Cells
    O: Organization
    R: Reproduce
    R: Reponse
    G: Grow
    E: Energy
    E: Environmental Adaptation Ability
  38. 38Identify the charecteristics of something scientific.C: Consistent
    O: Observable
    N: Natural
    P: Predictable
    T: Tentative
    T: Testable
  39. 39Identify whether this is living or not. Viruses are organized proteins and nucleic acids. They invade cells and use the cells to help them reproduce. Once a new virus is assembled, it does not change size or contents. Viruses themselves do not use energy, but rather rely on their hosts to do the work for them. Viruses do not respond to a stimulus in the environment.The virus is NOT living because they do not meet ALL the requirements to be considered living. It states that they do not use energy, they do not grow, and they do not have the ability to respond/ adapt to their environment. Remember, for something to be considered living, it must meet all of the 6 criteria.
  40. 40Identify whether or not this situation is scientific. When the winds get very strong, Brandon observes that his mean, old neighbor is dancing and chanting in his living rooms. He concludes that he is using magic to bring on the dangerous winds.This situation is NOT scientific because Brandon is trying to use a supernatural claim to prove the event. Science has no way to prove the supernatural, because we don't even have evidence on whether or not it exists.
  41. 41Define ControlControl: Even when other aspects of the expirement change, the control stays the same to see if the changes actually change something so we know HOW it changed.
  42. 42Define ConstantsConstant: Something that remains the same throughout the whole expirement.
  43. 43Define Independent VariableThe variable that you CHOOSE to change.
  44. 44Define Dependent VariableDependent Variable: This depends on the independent variable for results.
  45. 45Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, constant, and control of the following expirement. Several members of the Denver Nuggets have a theory that their agility on the court is affected by the types of shoes that they wear. Each player has the same type and make of shoe; the Jordan Retro 7, the Nike KD 9, and the Under Armour's Curry 2.5. Normally players wear the KD 9 for practices and games. The players first ran a 1000 m dash on the same track, wearing the KD 9's. They recorded their times. They waited another 30 minutes, switched to the Curry 2.5 shoes, ran the same 1000 m dash, and recorded their times.Independent Variable: Shoes they Wear
    Dependent Variable: Time taken to run the dash
    Control: KD 9 ( shoes they usually wear )
    Constants: Amount of time they wait and how long they run
  46. 46What do we all bonds that form between different water molecules?Hydrogen Bonds
  47. 47Why is ice able to float in water, instead of sink/ Explain how the density changes when liquid water freezes.Ice is able to float in water instead of sinking because the density is greater than it is when liquid because the molecules are more spread out.
  48. 48Define Adhesion:Adhesion: Water sticking to other things.
  49. 49Define Cohesion:Cohesion: Water sticking to itself
  50. 50Define Capillary ActionCapillary Action: Water "climbing" up other substances
  51. 51Define Surface TensionSurface Tension: Creation of film on surface caused by cohesive forces
  52. 52Define Universal SolventWater can dissolve more substances than any other COMMON liquid.
  53. 53Define High Specific HeatHigh Specific Heat: Specific heat amount translates to a certain amount of energy for heat/ unit of mass to raise temperature of substance by 1 degree Celsius.
  54. 54Define High Heat of VaporizationHigh Heat of Vaporization: A lot of energy is required to change water from liquid to gas because water has a relatively high boiling point.
  55. 55Which of these do NOT describe responding to the environment? A: Responses over a short period of time B: Temporary responses to conditions, such as shivering when cold or sweating when hot C: Permanent genetic changes that affect a species over a long period of time D: Responses needed to maintain homeostasisCorrect Choice: C( Mostly describes change, not an adaptation because this more than likely will be there forever, and takes a long, long, long period of time to occur to change a species )
  56. 56True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall and chloroplast.False- These two organelles are almost exclusive to plants.

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The vocabulary and key things to know to pass 9th grade Biology finals.
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Ebony Ila
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