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Animal Cell Structure

gracie massamba Biology A level Inglés 9 fichas

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1Plasma MembraneComposed of a phospholipid bilayer, with proteins embedded in the layer.
Function: the membrane is selectively permeable and regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell. Separates cell contents from the outside environment
2CytoplasmCytoplasm is a thick, gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid.
Function: the cytoplasm maintains cell shape and stores chemicals needed by the cell for metabolic reactions.
3NucleusThe nucleus is the largest organelle and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. The envelope has nuclear pores which allow the movement of molecules through it. The nucleus contains chromatin.
Function: the nucleus controls/regulates cellular activity and houses genetic material called chromatin, DNA and proteins, from which comes the instruction for making proteins.
4NucleolusDense spherical structure in the middle of the nucleus.
Function: the nucleolus makes RNA and ribosomes.
5Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)Network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae studded with ribosomes.
Function: protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes and the newly synthesized proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus.
6Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)Network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae. No ribosomes.
Function: Responsible for synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates.
7Golgi ApparatusA stack of membrane bound flattened sacs.
Function: Newly made proteins are received here from the rough ER. the Golgi apparatus modifies them and then packages the proteins into vesicles to be transported where they are needed.
8VesiclesSmall spherical membrane bound sacs with fluid inside.
Function: Transport vesicles are used to transport materials inside the cell and secretory vesicles transport proteins that are to be released from the cell, to the cell surface membrane.
9LysosomesSmall spherical membrane bound sacs containing hydroly