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Y11 SACE Biology Ecology Flash Cards
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- 1CommunityA group of organisms of different species (populations) that interact in one area
- 2SpeciesOrganisms that can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring
- 3PopulationA group of organisms of the same species living in one place/area
- 4EcosystemInteractions between biotic and abiotic components of the environment
- 5SaprotrophSecrete enzymes and break down matter outside their body. Nutrients are then absorbed. Eg. Fungi, Bacteria
- 6DetrivoreEat the matter which is digested internally. Nutrients are then excreted into the soil. Eg. Earthworms, Dung Beetles
- 7Food Web (what things must you consider when making them?)-Arrows
-Producers at bottom
-Try to arrange in Trophic Levels - 8Photosynthesis (Def. + Form.)Producers convert light energy into chemical energy
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carb. Diox. + Wat. --> Gluc. + Ox. - 9Respiration (Def. + Form.)The process which converts glucose into energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2-->6CO2 + 6H2O +E - 10Biotic factors affecting survivalLiving actors
e.g. predators, disease, competition, food availability - 11Abiotic factors affecting survivalNon-living factors
e.g. rocks, soil, pH, temp, weather, climate, water availability - 12food chain (percentage passed through)1% into producer,
10% afterward.
99% lost through reflection and radiation (producer)
90% lost as heat, waste & movement - 13Biomass PyramidBiomass must be the largest at the producer level, or the system is not sustainable. (Must be pyramid shaped)
- 14Biomassthe mass of dry biological material in a population or organism. Remove the water and what is left is biomass.
- 15Pyramid of NumbersPyramid of numbers can have more varied shapes without affecting the food chain.
- 16Carbon cycle-The Layer in the atmosphere provides insulation (greenhouse effect)
-Human activities increased Greenhouse effect (burning of fossil fuels, deforestation) - 17Carbon Cycle (Diagram)
- 18NatalityBirth Rate
- 19MortalityDeath Rate
- 20ImmigrationMoving In
- 21EmigrationMoving out
- 22Population change=?(Natality-Mortality)+(Immigration - Emigration)
- 234 phases of population growth1. Lag Phase (slow g.r, low fe.,low comp.)
2. Exponential Phase (good fe., v.fast g.r., low comp.)
3.Transitional Phase (g.r. slows, comp incr., dis. incr.)
4. Plateau Phase (Popn stable(at K),Env.R.F. limit further growth) - 24Environmental Resistance FactorDecrease growth of a population by increasing mortality and emigration. E.g. Predators, food av, competition, disease, water av., shelter, light/soil (plants)
- 25Quadrat MethodBest for non/slow moving organisms
- 26Lincoln IndexUsed to sample moving populations of organisms (tag, release, count)
- 27Trophic LevelsProducer - 1st
1st order consumer - 2nd trophic level (herbivore)
2nd order consumer - 3rd trophic level (carnivore)
3rd order consumer - 4th trophic level (predator)
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- Y11 SACE Biology Ecology Flash Cards
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- Ben Goetze
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