Cells

Cells

1. Describe and compare plant cells and animal cells

   • Animal cells have fewer parts to them, unlike plants. Plants have more features like vacuole, chloroplasts and cell wall but also they have similarities such as the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.

2. State what the functions of them are ?

   • Cell wall/Cell membrane: Keep the bad(unnecessary) things from not coming into the cell and protect the cell from keep its structure
   • Cytoplasm: It is a jelly-like substance where all the chemical reactions take place
   • Vacuole: It is the food and water storage place of the cell
   • Nucleus: It is the power of the cell which contains the genetic information of the cell called the DNA
   • Chloroplast: It is only found in the plant cell. It gives the color green to the cell

3. Relate the structure of the following to their functions:

   • Ciliated cells: helps the movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi as it helps the mucus not get stuck and just let it flow.
   • root hair cells– It is very long and which helps the roots to find the water in deep ground
   • xylem vessels – conduction and support
   • – palisade mesophyll cells – photosynthesis
   • Nerve cells – conduction of impulses
   • red blood cells – transport of oxygen
   • sperm and egg cells – reproduction

4. Define tissue as a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

   • Tissue is made up of a group of cells joined together to perform a specific function in the body

5. Define organ as a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions

   • An organ is group of tissues joined together to perform a specific function for the organ to work

6. Define organ system as a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

7. State examples of tissues, organs and organ systems

   • Tissue- Muscle
   • Organ- Heart
   • Organ System- Respiration System

8. Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres as units

9. Define diffusion

   • the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement

10. Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes

11. Define Osmosis and stucture.

    • Water diffuses through partially permeable membranes by osmosis.Water moves in and out of cells by osmosis through the cell membrane.Plants are supported by the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell wall

12. Investigate and describe the effects on plant tissues of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations

    • The cell tissue will denature or burst according to how hypertonic or hypotonic it is

13. Define active transport

    • as the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration