Chemistry topic 1

Chemistry topic 1

1. Atoms

   • Atoms
     • Atom= The smallest particle of a chemical that can exist.
       • A radius of 1 x 10
         • -14
       • protons
         • +1 charge
       • neutrons
         • neutral charge
       • electrons
         • -1 charge
         • virtually no mass
         • orbit the nucleus at a fixed distance
           • the volume of their orbit determines the size of the atom
     • There is a Nucleus in the middle of every atom
       • positive Charge
       • nearly the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus
       • Contains protons and neutrons
     • no overall charge (neutral)
       • same number of protons as electrons
   • Elements
     • Elements= A substance that is made from ONLY 1 type of atom
       • same atomic number
     • If 2 elements react together the ending of the non metals turns to 'ide'
     • If 3 elements react together the ending and 1 of them is oxygen the end of the other non metals turns to 'ate'
   • Compounds
     • Compound= two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded
   • Ions
     • the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons
       • This means ions have an OVERALL CHARGE
   • Isotopes
     • Isotope = Different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
     • Relative atomic mass = sum of(isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundance of all the isotopes

2. Equations

   • Reactants.
     • The things that react together to form product.
       • Always written on the left side of an equation.
   • Products
     • The result of the reaction
       • Always written on the right side of the equation