Orbitals and Atomic Structure

Orbitals and Atomic Structure

1. Orbitals

   • 4 Rules of orbitals
     • 1)Electrons pair with opposite spins.
     • 2)Fill in energy order
     • 3)Fill each orbital in a sub-shell singly first.
     • 4)4s fills before 3d
   • Type of Orbitals
     • S-waves
       • Number of orbitals - 1
       • Shape - Sphere
       • Number of electrons found in each orbital - 2
       • Total number of electrons in each sub-shell - 2
     • P-waves
       • Number of orbitals - 3
       • Shape - Dumb Bell
       • Number of electrons found in each orbital - 2
       • Total number of electrons in each sub-shell - 6
     • D-waves
       • Number of orbitals - 5
       • Shape - Not needed
       • Number of electrons found in each orbital - 2
       • Total number of electrons in each sub-shell - 10

2. Atomic Structure

   • In the centre of the atom is the Nucleus
   • Protons are in the nucleus with neutrons.
   • Electrons are within the shells.
   • Orbitals carry electrons