Problem Solving

Problem Solving

1. General Problem Solving Heuristics

   • Hill-Climbing Strategy
     • Each point, choose option that moves to direction of goal
   • Means-End Analysis
     • Compare current state to goal state
     • Break to series of sub-problems

2. General Problem Solving Methods

   • Process of Search
     • Initial States
       • Goal State
     • Set of Operators
     • Path Constraints
   • Pictures and Diagrams
   • Analogy
     • The Tumour Problem

3. Experts

   • Chunking
   • Analogies

4. Defining The Problem

   • Well-Defined
   • Ill Defined
   • Functional Fixedness
   • Einstellung
     • Water-Jar Problem
     • The Nine-dot Problem
     • Problem Solving Sets
       • Narrowing Options
       • Costs and Benefits

5. Creativity

   • 4 Stages of Creative Thought
     • Preparation
     • Incubation
     • Illumination
     • Verification
   • Divergent Thinking

6. Intelligence

   • IQ Test
   • Intelligence Measure
     • Binet
     • High Test-Retest Reliability
   • Testing
     • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
     • Reliability
     • Validity
   • General Intelligence
     • Linguistic Ability
     • Numerical Ability
     • Spatial Ability
     • Fluid intelligence
       • Logical Problem Solving/Reasoning
       • IQ tests
         • Pattern Recognition
         • Abstract Reasoning
         • Problem-Solving
     • Crystallised Intelligence
       • IQ Test
         • General Knowledge
         • Vocabulary
     • Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
   • Specialised Intelligence
     • Practical Intelligence
     • Emotional Intelligence
   • Causes/Comparisons
     • Genetics
     • Environment
     • Interaction
     • Men vs Women
     • African Americans Vs American Whites
   • Improvements
     • Developmental Changes
     • Flynn Effect
     • N-Back Task