Universal Grammar

Universal Grammar

1. Models-Hypothesis

   • Direct Access Model
     • Totally available in L2 Learning
       • This is not completely true
         • Result of L2 seldom completely resembles L1 acquisition
   • Indirect Access model
     • UG is available
       • Through the 1st language
     • Learners need explicit information
       • what is not grammatical in the L2
   • Monitor model
     • the acquisition-learning hypothesis
       • distinction between
         • acquisition
           • informal situations
         • learning
           • rules and forms of language
     • the monitor hyphotesis
       • learners are able to
         • edit their utterances
           • mistake in spontaneous conversation
     • the natural hyphotesis
       • predictable sequences
         • learners acquire linguistic knowledge
           • some features of an L2
             • easier or harder to learn
     • Affective filter hyphotesis
       • emotional factors
         • anxiety
           • even if there is
             • sufficient and appropriate input
         • How vocabulary should be taught
           • teachers design
             • optimal input
               • Ex: bracketed input
     • Input hyphotesis
       • acquisition occurs
         • learner is exposed to
           • comprehensive language
             • little beyond their proficiency

2. Methods and approaches

   • Communicative Language Teaching
     • Learning process
       • context that offers
         • rich inputs
         • natural inputs
   • The natural approach
     • Importance of lexical items
       • exchanging messages and meanings
     • use of correct inputs
       • successful communication

3. Authors

   • Noam Chomsky
   • Richard Montague
   • Vivian Cook
   • Lidia White

4. Innatist perspective

   • Mind is born with ideas/knowledge
   • Permits children to acquire language
     • of the environment
       • during critical period
   • Visualizes learning
     • Set of parameters and principles
   • Learners know more about the language
     • reasonably have learned
     • to depend entirely
       • input they are exposed to