Aggression Sub Section 1

Aggression Sub Section 1

1. Social learning theory

   • A01
     • Behaviourist, agrgues behaviour learnt e.g. agression
     • agg learnt through observation and imitation - modelling
       • observe someone behaving agg then copy beh.
     • you are more likely to copy certain people
       • e.g. copy beh of our parents and friends
     • not always copied straight away - cognative element
     • more likely to copy if vicariously reinforce - see reward for agg
     • from observations we come up withoutcome expectation
     • therefore consequences positive more likey to behave that way
   • A02
     • Research Support
       • Bandura
         • found that children observed adults playing with bobo doll aggressively were more likely to play with the doll agg
           • sugg we do learn aggression through observation and imitation, validity enhanced
       • Patterson et al
         • used questionnaire found role models are important in agg beh
           • sugg o+i in role models can lead to agg, increase validity
       • Hollis and Howell
         • found children that are raised by physically abusive parents often behave same
           • sugg o+i of abusive parents can lead to agg, increasing the validity
     • Evaluations
       • Problem with research support
         • Bandura lack ecological validity e.g. used bobo doll
           • aggression towards a doll not represent human aggression, limits validity of study limits validity of theory
       • Theory is reductionist
         • reduces complex beh to one simple factor
           • problem because agg is more of a combination of different factors which theory does not account for, decreases the validity
       • theory acknowledges behabiourism and ignore biological approach
         • ignores genetic + hormonal factors when there research to suppor these, ignores other factors
           • suggest beh not only factor and rfeduces validity for the theory to explain agg
       • Practical Application
         • principles applied toreal world e.g. age restrictions to limit children from observing agg
           • sugg theory is useful

2. Deindividuation

   • A01
     • Social psychological
     • state that can be caused by many factors e.g. wearing a mask, uniform or being in a group
     • lead to feeling of autonomy
     • having a loss of identity act through a different identity
     • zimbardo said that this is a state of awareness where individual develops reduce personal agency
     • lead to agg beh because people feel less accountable for there actions
     • unidentifiable leads to low self awareness e.g. in crowded place responsibility is shifted from themselves to the group
     • means they feel less guilt
   • A02
     • Research Evidence
       • Frazer
         • set up Halloween party for children and found that children where more agg when in costume
           • supports the idea that costumes lead to agg, increasing the validity
       • Zimbardo
         • studied roles of security guard and prisones
           • found that people conform to the social roles that they are expected to play, this can shape beh and attitudes
             • supports the theory because it can no be applied to the real world increase validity
       • Johnson and Dowling
         • found individuals that dressed in a nurse uniform less likely to give electric shocks
           • therefore does not support the theory and questions the validity
     • Evaluations
       • Practical application
         • crowds more likely people to be agg
           • can prepare for this e.g. at football matches
             • this supports theory also mean validity is increased
       • alternative approaches to explain agg
         • e.g. biological theory use genetics to explain agg
           • This means that it goes against the theory, questions the validity
       • being in crowded place does not always lead to agg
         • e.g shopping center there no fights
           • goes against theory and questions the validity
       • Theory is deterministic
         • agg determind by situation we are in
           • ignores free will so doesn't support the theory and reduces validity

3. Importation model

   • A01
     • Import histories
     • Not blank slates
     • agg in prison same as society
     • three subcultures
       • criminal /thief subculture
       • convict subculture
       • conventional subculture
   • A02

4. Deprivation model