Migration

Migration

1. Concept: Human Migration is the permanent change of residence by an individual or groups, excluding such movements as nomadism and migrant labor.

2. Types of migration:

   • Internal migration:- This refers to a change of residence within national boundaries, such as between states, provinces, cities, or municipalities.
   • International migration:- This refers to change of residence over national boundaries. An international migrant is someone who moves to a different country.

3. International migrants are further classified

   • 1. Legal immigrants: are those who moved with the legal permission of the receiver nation
     • 2. Illegal immigrants: are those who moved without legal permission
       • 3. Refugees are those crossed an international boundary to escape persecution.

4. CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION

   • Positive consequences:
     • The remittance (payments) sent by migrants to their homes help in the growth of economy of the region. This money is mainly used by the family for repayment of debts, medical treatment, marriages, children’s education, purchasing agricultural inputs, construction of houses, etc.
       • Similarly remittances from the international Indian migrants are one of the major sources of foreign exchange in India.
         • States such as Punjab, Kerala and Tamil Nadu receive very large amount of money from their international migrants.
           • Migration of people from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, to the rural areas of Punjab, Haryana, has resulted in the success of green revolution.
   • Negative consequences
     • Unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused overcrowding.
       • Development of slums in industrially developed states such as Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Delhi is the result of unregulated migration.
         • The under-development gets even worse due to out migration of skilled people

5. Causes

   • Economic Causes
     • Political Causes
       • Social Causes