managing coasts

managing coasts

1. hard engineering

   • rock armour
     • boulders of hard rock
     • absorbs wave energy
     • cheap
     • boulders can move
       • need to be replaced
       • doesn't fit with local geoligy
   • sea wall
     • reflects wave energy
     • stronger
       • effective
     • really expensive
       • requires maintenece
   • gabions
     • cheap
       • can improve drainage
     • can corrode over time
       • ugly
   • groynes
     • wooden fences into sea
     • makes wider beaches
       • not expensive to maintain
     • interrupt long shore drift
       • causes greater erotion in other places

2. soft engineering

   • beach nourishment
     • material added to beach
       • normally from sea bed or bought in
       • blends in with area
         • makes bigger beach
       • needs constant maintenence
   • dune regeneration
     • something done to stabalise a dune
     • better for plants and evinronment
       • cheap
     • high maintenece
       • easily damaged

3. managed retreat

   • cheap
     • creates natural habitat
   • causes conflicts
     • housing issues

4. Holderness coast

   • humber estuary, NE
   • why quick erosion
     • cliffs made of bolder clay
     • prevailing winds causes long shore drift
     • coast 61km, 11 protected
     • 10m land loss per year-great cowden
   • protected areas
     • mappleton
       • coast road
       • RA and GR
     • hornsea and withernsea
       • SW
     • easington gas terminal
       • supply 25% uk gas
   • important infrastructure protected
   • loss of land S
     • great cowden caravan park
   • loss of habitat
     • spurn point
     • massively expensive
       • 6.6 mil to protect gas terminal