Mapa mental

1.1 Introduction to cells

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Cell theory
- smallest life unit
- from pre-existing cells
- living organisms-cells
Unicellular organisms
- carry all functions
  - metabolism-excrete respire
  - response to stimuli
  - growth
  - reproduction
  - homeostasis
  - nutrition
Surface area: volume
- cellsize limited
  - diffusion of exchange materials
- v increase more than s.a
  - leads to problem
    - necessary exchange limited;
    - overcome
      - protruding extensions
      - flattening cells
Emergent properties
- Multicellular organisms
  - achieve more than = of each cell could do
    - cells interact
Magnification
- magnified size / real size
- using microscopes
  - TEM
    - study internal
  - SEM
    - study outer cells
  - light compound mic
    - objective lens power * eyelens power
Stem cells-unspecialised
- totipotent
  - embryo
    - high potency of all cell
- pluripotent
  - zyogote --> blastocyst
    - apart potency
- multipotent
  - limited potency
- differ normal cells
  - undifferentiated
  - self-sustaining
- therapeutic use
  - bone marrow transplant
    - treat leukaemia
  - Stargardt's disease
    - retinal pigment epithelial cells