pregnancy

pregnancy

1. what is pregnancy?

   • A period which a fetus develops inside a women's womb
     • first trimester
       • the fetus conceived and take shape from zygote through the stages of emberyonic life
       • the fetus called an embryo
       • all the fetal organs are formed
       • first 12 week
     • second trimester
       • from week 13 to week 16
       • the organs begin to grow in size and to assume their characteristic shape
       • the characteristic morning sickness of pregnancy become less than before
     • third trimester
       • from week 27 to week 40
       • the baby begins to grow and develop rapidly
       • the mother may feel breathless because of the baby movement
       • hemorrhoids, varicose veins and urinary incontinence may occur

2. menstrual cycle

   • hormones
     • GnRH
     • FSH & LH
     • estrogen & progesterone
   • phases
   • involved organs
     • hypothalamus
     • anterior pituitary gland
     • endometrium of the uterus

3. signs and symptoms

   • Missing period or not having a period.
   • Nausea and vomiting
   • Breast tenderness or breasts that swell in size
   • Urinating more frequently.
   • Being severely exhausted or fatigued.

4. What is a pregnancy test?

   • Urine test at home with a home pregnancy test kit.
   • Blood tests to check for pregnancy are done in the healthcare provider’s office

5. What happens at a preconception checkup?

   • Folic acid
   • Health conditions that can affect the pregnant mother.
   • Medicines she take
   • Smoking or drinking alcohol.
   • When to stop birth control.
   • A physical exam and a pelvic exam.
   • Blood test ( to check blood type and Rh factor).

6. How often do antenatal visits take place?

   • Within a week or two from confirming the pregnancy, the pregnant woman is expected to have her first antenatal visit.
   • Every month, an antenatal visit will be conducted until her 28th week.
   • From seven month onwards, visits occur every 15 days until the 8th week is over.
   • After that, a visit every week is advised
   • Visits may vary according to the condition of the pregnancy.

7. What are the expected questions by the OB?

   • Do you suffer from any chronic diseases?Do you usually go on long term medications?Any surgeries?
   • Were there any prior pregnancies, losses or miscarriage ?
   • What is the family history for you and your partner?Any genetic disorders?

8. Why it’s necessary to do tests during pregnancy?

   • Blood tests, like hemoglobin, hormonal and glucose tolerance tests.
   • Urine tests, to test sugar, protein, ketones, bacteria, and blood cells in urine.
   • Ultrasound scans are performed at different times in the pregnancy to check for fetal growth, determine the EDD and look for any structural abnormalities or defects in the baby.
   • Special tests like Genetic tests and amniocentesis which is offered to women who have an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities.

9. Nutrition During Pregnancy

   • Micronutrients
     • Vitamins
     • Minerals
   • Macronutrients
     • Carbohydrates
     • Protein
     • Fat

10. Are vaccines recommended during pregnancy?

    • Vaccines are usually recommended throughout pregnancy because they help protect both the baby and the mother
    • Vaccines containing dead viruses can be given during pregnancy
    • Ones containing live viruses are not advised because they might pose a risk to the developing baby ie: The Chickenpox vaccine

11. Pregnancy Risk Factors

    • Alcohol
    • Smoking / Tobacco consumption
    • Drug Use
    • Eating undercooked meat

12. Complications/reasons that lead to C-section

    • Prolonged labor
    • Abnormal positioning
    • Fetal distress
    • Birth defects
    • Repeat cesarean
    • Chronic health condition
    • Cord prolapse
    • Cephalopelvic disproportion
    • Placenta issues

13. Cord blood banking

    • process of collecting and storing the blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta post-delivery.
      • Advantages:
        • loaded with stem cells.
        • easier to collect and more matches are possible when comparing to bone marrow fluid
        • can be frozen and stored
        • strengthen the immune system even during cancer treatments

14. Postnatal Visits

    • Postnatal visits are medical checkups scheduled for a woman after she has given birth. They are considered essential for ensuring and monitoring the health and safety of the woman after birth
      • What to expect?
        • Physical checkup including blood pressure, weight, breasts and belly.
        • Blood tests and vitals check up
        • Review of vaccinations
        • Performing a pelvic exam

15. breastfeeding

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