Population Dynamics

Population Dynamics

1. China's one child policy

   • Introduced in 1979
   • Was allowed a 2nd kid if you had a girl itself
   • To stop massive population growth
   • Still in force today (less strictly)
   • Began with persuasion(adverts), then force (forced abortions where necessary)

2. DEATH RATE

   • High death rate
     • No access to healthcare
     • Poor housing or hygiene
     • High level of disease
     • Poor nutrition and famine
     • No access to clean water
   • Low death rate
     • Better sewage disposal
     • Safer drinking water
     • Improved nutrition
     • Improved healthcare
     • Improved hygiene

3. BIRTH RATE

   • HIGH BR REASON
     • Little or no birth control
     • High infant mortality rate, which encourages couples to have more children
     • Children are seen as an asset eg:work
   • LOW BR REASON
     • Widespread birth control
     • Low infant mortality rate
     • Preference for smaller families
     • Cost of bringing up children
     • More working women delaying the age at which they start to have a family

4. Ageing Population

   • Advantages: 1)Larger proportion of ageing people can add experience to workforce. 2) A growing 'grey' market for leisure and health products
   • Disadvantages of ageing population: 1)Cost of providing pensions, health care and sheltered housing leads to increased taxes on a proportionally small workforce. 2)Many young people are employed caring for the elderly. This harms a countries competitiveness, since they are not producing products for export.

5. Youthful population

   • Advantages: 1)Often in LEDCs children do not go to school and instead do work. 2)There are lots of potential workers in the future
   • Disadvantages:1) Young children need health care - for example, immunisations. This is expensive for a country to provide on a larger scale. 2)Young people need to be educated - providing schools and teachers are expensive. Resources for lessons are difficult to access, and costly to buy. 3)In the future, more children will reach bearing age, putting more pressure on health service. This will result in this cycle happening again in the future.