population dynamics

population dynamics

1. population change

   • natural change= birth rate - death rate, if birth rates are higher then death rates then the population goes up
   • migration= process of people changing their place of either within or between countries (doesn't effect global numbers

2. why rate of population growth slowing down

   • falling death rates= improved medicines, better diet, access to clean water, more hospitals
   • decrease in infant mortality (babies that die before age of 1) = better health care, better food
   • decrease in birth rates= government policies (e.g china), contraception, marrying later, life becoming expensive, carrier driven

3. highest populated countries: China (1.3 billion), India (1.1 billion), America (400 million)

4. how to measure the population change in a country

   • birth rates- no. of children born per 1000 in a year (birth certificate)
   • death rates- no. of deaths per 1000 in a year (death certificate)
   • infant mortality- children who have died under age 1 per 1000 births
   • life expectancy- average age at which people die (could be miss leading)
   • natural change- difference between the birth rates & the death rates
   • fertility rate- no. of children that women have in their lifetime

5. demographics= study of the population

6. CASE STUDIES

   • china
     • one child policy
       • 22% of the worlds populations, only 7% of the worlds farmland
         • free healthcare/education for 1 child
           • countryside= 2 children if 1st child girl, if have a 2nd child in city have to pay for education & healthcare & payback the free education& healthcare of 1st child
             • bad
               • wont be any women for men to marry
                 • bride kidnapping
                   • policy is sexest- boys more valuable then girls
                     • ageing population
                       • over crowded hospitals
             • good
               • prevent starvation
                 • 100 yrs aim to half population
       • anti natul
   • singapore
     • 3 or more
       • need more workers
         • need more factory output
           • need more ideas
       • immigrants 'stop at 2'
     • introduced 1980s
     • pro natul
   • USA - closed door policy
     • Mexican migrants to USA
       • Mexican border= 100 miles
         • Mexicans want better life, higher wages, housing, good opportunities
           • good for America cause Mexicans will be paying tax & working for the country
   • UK open door policy to the European Union
     • commonwealth citizens to the UK 1950s
       • migrants first arrived june 1948
         • migrants from the Caribbean, Indian empire
           • encouraged by act of parliament- big gaps in work force
             • worked in textile factories, steelworks & transport
               • shortage of unskilled/semi skilled labour
                 • immigrants added to recession 1970s ( unemployment)
                   • discrimination- ( police stop & search blacks)
     • commonwealth citizens to the UK 2004
       • migrants came from Czech republic, Estonia, poland - eastern europe
         • good reasons for migrants- paid taxes, did the rubbish jobs, received less than 5% of benefits, work hard
           • points system was introduced to make it harder to enter UK
   • Australia
     • closed door policy
       • points system
         • want age 18-39
         • preferred language= English
         • preferred 8-10 years experience
         • get double points for speaking another language, having your own buisness
         • standard education- doctorates (phd), least a Batchelor degree
         • preferred to be single