All about the protist

All about the protist

1. Generally

   • Nutrition
     • Photoautotrophic
     • Chemoheterotrophic
     • Mixotrophic
       • use both organic and unorganic compound
   • Reproduction
     • Sexual
       • Fussion -gamate- syngamy process
     • Asexual
       • Binary fussion
   • Morphology
     • Cytoplasm
       • Pellicle
         • Vacuoles
           • Energy Production
             • Mitochondria-Chemoautotroph Mitochondria+Chloroplast-Phatosynthetic Hydrogenosome-Chemoorganotrophs
           • Contractile vacuole(maintain osmoregulation)
           • Phagocytic vacuoles(ingest food)
         • For support
       • OUter gelatinous ectoplasm
       • Inner fluid

2. Type

   • Protozoa (animal-like protist)
     • Classification
       • Apicomplexa
         • Characteristic
           • *Obligate parasite *non-motile in mature form *Food absorb through other wall
       • Archaezoa
         • Characteristic: 1.Flagellated 2.Move in whiplike manner 3. Free-living 4. Parasitic (live& grow in blood stream-inflammation in brain)
         • Habitat: Fresh water
       • Ciliphora
         • Characteristic
           • *have cilia *have gullet(mouth)/cystostome-ingesting material *Eg: -Paramecium, Balantidium coli
       • Rhizopoda
         • Characteristic:
           • Rhizopoda=Amoebas *move by pseudopods *apply phagocytosis *habitat-marine fresh water
     • Generally
       • Nutrition obtain through..
         • Pinocytes
           • Fluid sucked into channel
         • Phagositosis
         • Absorbtion
         • Ingestion via gullet/cytosome
       • Characteristic
         • *no chlorophyll *lack cell wall *Unicellular *parasitic/phatogenic *Aerobic/anaerobic/chemoheterotroph *
       • Diversity
         • May *housed in shell/clothed in scales/naked *pigmented/non-pigmented *parasitic/symbiotic
   • Algae (Plant-like protist)
     • General Characteristic
       • Habitat
       • Reproduction
         • asexual reproduction
           • Fragmentation
             • Thallus breaks -> fragmented parts -> Form new thallus
           • Spores
             • flagellated motile spore=zoospores non-motile spores=apllanospores
           • Binary fission
             • nuclear division followed by cytoplasm
         • sexual reproduction
           • Female structure: oogonia -. eggs male structure: antheridia -. sperms
       • Motillity
       • Distriution of algae
         • Primarily
           • Plantonic
             • suspended in aqueous environment
           • Benthic
             • attached on the bottom of water
           • Neustonic
             • at water surface
         • Terrestrial
           • moist rock, trees, soil
     • Algal ecology
       • seaweed
         • Provide habitat for marine communities
         • human food(sushi)
       • secondary product
         • alginic acid (ice-cream)
         • carrageenan (agar)
         • Diatomaceous earth (filter/ polishing compound)
       • food base
         • for marine food chain
       • Production of toxic
         • Algal blooms
     • Taxonomy
       • Chlorophyta (green)
         • *green algae *cellulose cell walls *chlorophyll a & b *store glucose polymers
       • Rhodophyta (red)
         • *Reddish colour *chlorophyll a and b, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, phycoerythrin *cell wall-cellulose/agar *sexual reproduction *storage materials- glucose polymers *habitat-marine(ocean depths)
       • Phaeophyta (brown)
         • *Brown colour *chlorophylls a & c, xanthophyils * cell wall-cellulose/algin *sexual reproduction *storage materials- carbohydrate *Habitat-marine (coastal water)
       • Chrysophyta (Diatoms)
         • *golden- brown algae *chlorophyll a & c *cell wall- peptin &silica *sexual reproduction *storage materials-oil *Habitat-fresh water
       • Pyrrophyta (Dinoflagellated)
         • *brownish *can cause 'red tides' *chlorophyll a & c *cell wall-cellulose *storage materials- starch *habitat-fresh water
       • Euglenophyta
         • *green colour *chlorophyll a & b, carotene *cell wall- none *no sexual reproduction *storage materials- glucose polymers *habitat-freshwater

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