B5 - GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

B5 - GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

1. ADULT STEM CELL

   • Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cells, they can be found in juvenile as well as adult animals and human bodies

2. PHOELEM

   • A plant tissue that transports sugar throughout a plant

3. DNA

   • Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

4. GROWTH

   • Growth is defined as the irreversible increase in the dry mass of an organism. It is brought about by an increase in cell size or number.

5. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM

   • Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to single-celled organisms. To form a multicellular organism, these cells need to identify and attach to the other cells

6. STEM CELLS

   • An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism which is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

7. MERISTEM CELLS

   • Unspecialised cells in plants that can develop into any kind of specialised cell

8. SPECIALISED CELL

   • A specialised cee is adapted for a particular purpose

9. PLANT CELL

   • A cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant

10. ANIMAL CELL

    • The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and are often called the "building blocks of life"

11. CLONING

    • A new cell or individual made by asexual reproduction. A clone has the same genes as its parents

12. XYLEM

    • Plant tissue that transports water through a plant

13. PHOTOTROPISM

    • The bending of growing plant shoots towards the light

14. ZYGOTE

    • A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum

15. GENES

    • A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

16. GENETIC CODE

    • The means by which DNA and RNA molecules carry genetic information in living cells.

17. MEISOSIS

    • A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

18. CELL DIVISION

    • The division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

19. MITOSIS

    • A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

20. CHROMOSOMES

    • A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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