Biology 3.2

Biology 3.2

1. 2.1 Describe that sexual reproduction requires the finding and selection of a suitable mate, and can involve courtship behaviours that advertise an individual’s quality

2. 2.2 Describe how animals have different mating strategies, including: a) a mate for life. b) several mates over a lifetime. c) a mate for a breeding season. d) several mates over one breeding season.

3. 2.3 Describe that some animals, in particular birds and mammals, have developed special behaviours for rearing their young

4. 2.4 Demonstrate an understanding of why parental care can be a successful evolutionary strategy, including: a) increased chance of survival of offspring. b) increased chance of parental genes being passed on by the offspring.

5. 2.7 Explain how humans can make use of conditioning when training captive animals for specific purposes, including: a) sniffer dogs. b) police horses. c) dolphins

6. 2.8 Investigate animal behaviour using choice chambers

7. 2.9 Describe how some animal behaviour requires communication

8. 2.10 Explain how animals use a variety of types of signals to communicate, including: a) sound signals. b) chemical signals (pheromones). c) visual signals (gestures, body language, facial expression).

9. 2.10 Explain how animals use a variety of types of signals to communicate, including: a) sound signals. b) chemical signals (pheromones). c) visual signals (gestures, body language, facial expression).

10. 2.6 Describe the different behaviours exhibited by animals, including: a) innate behaviour. b) imprinting. c) habituation. d) classical conditioning. e) operant conditioning.

11. 2.5 Explain how, within the animal kingdom, parental care may involve risks to the parents

12. 2.12 Demonstrate an understanding of the work of ethologists, including: a) Tinbergen, innate behaviour in gulls. b) Lorenz, imprinting in geese. c) Fossey, social behaviour in gorillas. d) Goodall, social behaviour in chimpanzees.

13. 2.13 Demonstrate an understanding of how plants and animals have co-evolved, including: a) flower structure and insect behaviour in pollination. b) plant defence and animal metabolism.

14. 2.14 Describe the evidence for human evolution, based on fossils, including: a Ardi from 4.4 million years ago b Lucy from 3.2 million years ago c Leakey’s discovery of fossils from 1.6 million years ago