Science

Science

1. Particles

   • The Particle Theory.
     • How it effects the rate of dissolving
       • Since there are forces of attraction between particles they pull apart, also since the particles are constantly in motion the solute is always slowly dissolving but when more energy is added (temperature) they pull apart faster so the solute will dissolve much faster, same when more motion is added
     • What is the particle theory of matter?
       • 1. all matter is made of particles 2. they are constantly in motion 3. temperature affects the rate of dissolving 4. there are spaces between particles 5. particles of a pure substance are the same 6. there are forces of attraction between particles
   • Factors that effect the rate of dissolving
     • Stirring
       • the more motion the faster particles pull apart from each other causing them to dissolve faster
     • Temperature
       • the warmer the temperature of the water the faster the solute dissoves. when you add heat you are also adding more energy, and that causes molecular motion. once again the more motion the faster the solute will dissolve
     • Size of particles
       • the bigger the particles the longer it takes for particles to seperate.
   • Dissolving
     • Solubility
       • Soluble(cmpletely dissolves) insoluble(does not dissolve) partially soluble(kind of dissolves)
         • Solute
           • Is whats being dissolved
         • Solvent
           • Is dissolving the solute

2. Matter

   • Mixture
     • Mechanical Mixture
       • Heterogeneous
         • Does not appear the same
           • Ie. pizza, trail mix
     • Solution
       • Homogeneous
         • looks the same throughout
           • Ie. grape juice, sugar in tea
     • Made up of 2 or more substances
   • Pure Substance
     • is made up of one type of particle
       • Ie. Distilled water, sugar, potassium
     • Substances
       • Saturation
         • Saturated Supersaturated Unsaturated
       • Dilute
         • Is when you add water or solvent to make it weaker
       • Concentrated
         • It has a large amount of solute in the solution
       • Concentration
         • It is for example the amount of salt in the amount of water (solute in solvent) n amount of solute n amount of solvent
       • Sorting & Separating
         • Evaporation
           • Is when you evaporate a solvent like water so the solute is a the bottom water vapour,(seperating the solute and solvent)
         • Distillation
           • You can regain the solute and solvent. the solution is boiled then the solvent becomes a gas and it separates from the solute.
         • Paper Chromotography
           • Solvent particles are attracted to the paper particles, different substances dissolve and are carried through the paper. the distance depeends on the solubility of the solvent.
         • Filtering
           • Is when you pass a liquid through a device to remove unwanted material
         • Sifting
           • Use a sifter to sift the solution, like corn
         • Magnetism
           • Certain solids can be attracted to the magnet
   • What is an Element
     • A molecule like hydrogen that can not be broken down
   • Solid
     • Particles vibrate, difinite shape + volume
       • Ie. a chair, or table
   • Liquid
     • Particles move fast past each other, change shape + difinite volume
       • Ie. Water, juice
         • Water is the universal solvent
   • Gas
     • Particles move very fast, change shape + volume
       • Ie. Hydrogen