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Genetic Factors
Descripción
A2 (Aggression) Psychology Mapa Mental sobre Genetic Factors, creado por jones.william161 el 14/01/2014.
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aggression
psychology
psychology
aggression
a2
Mapa Mental por
jones.william161
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Genetic Factors
Twins
Monozygotic
Nota:
Share all genes.
Dizygotic
Nota:
Share only 50% of genes.
Studies
Nota:
Compare degree of similarity for a specific trait between sets of monozygotic twins to similarity between sets of dizygotic twins.
If MZ twins more alike in terms of aggressive behaviour, due to genes.
Studys specifically studying aggressive behaviour using adult twins found a 50% variance in direct aggressive behaviour attributed to genetic factors.
Adoption
Study
Nota:
Positive correlation between aggressive behaviour in adopted children and aggressive behaviour in biological parents=genes.
Denmark
Nota:
Study of over 14,000 adoptions in Denmark found significant number of adopted boys with criminal convictions had biological parents with the same.
Low ecological validity as only looks in Denmark
MAOA
Nota:
Regulates metabolism of serotonin in brain, and low levels of serotonin is associated with impulse and aggressive behaviour.
Brunner et al
Nota:
1980s. Dutch family found many of its aggressive male members to be involved in serious crimes.
Due to abnormally low levels of MAOA, in which a defect was later found.
Caspi et al
Nota:
Linked MAOA to aggressive behaviour. 500 male children. A variant associated with high MAOA, and variant with low MAOA.
Low=more likely to be aggressive, but only if they were maltreated as a child. Otherwise there was no aggression.
Suggesting an interaction between genes and environment determines behaviour.
Miles and Carey
Nota:
Meta-analysis of 24 twin and adoption studies that supported link between genes and aggression.
Most relied on self-report, with some observation. Results=strong genetic influence accounted for 50% variance in aggression.
Found that age differences is important, later ages the influence of environment decreased, but genes increased.
Individual Differences
Nota:
Those observational ratings were more environmental influence.
Convicts
Nota:
Many studies focus on individuals convicted of violent crimes. 2 problems wrong with this.
1. They only represent a small minority, as convictions of violent crimes for more than one instance is rare.
2. May not be the most serious criminals, just labelled violent.
Walters
Nota:
Meta-analysis. Found low to moderate correlation for link between heredity and crime.
Thus, inconclusive evidence.
IDA-RWA
Nota:
Genetic engineering if we're prediposed to aggression. Thus, an awareness of limitations of these studies is important.
IDA-Animal Research
Nota:
Young et al-genetic mutation violence in mice. Effects include violence towards other mice. Counterpart to gene in humans.
Cannot generalise to humans.
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