Renaissance

Nota:

• The Renaissance is the period of change.

1. Ancient Greece and Rome

   Nota:

   • Renaissance was influenced by Ancient Greece and Rome's cultures. 
2. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

   Nota:

   • Artists and painters in the Renaissance started to emulate ancient Greek and Roman work. 
3. Change

   Nota:

   • In the Renaissance, people started to change ideas about art, architecture, science, and politics. 
   1. Architecture

      Nota:

      • Renaissance architects added their own ideas to classical building style. 
      1. Filippo Brunelleschi

         Nota:

         • He was one of the successful architects in the Renaissance that solve the problem of building large dome on a building. 
   2. Arts

      Nota:

      • There are 3 parts the Renaissance art: Painting, Sculptures, and Literatures. Arts was the most influenced in the Renaissance. 
      1. Raphael

         Nota:

         • When he was little, his mother died. He became an apprentice, and he created his first work---Barconi Altarpiece
      2. Donatello

         Nota:

         • He was born in 1386 in Florence, Italy. He was educated in the house of the Martelli Family. In 1430, he created the famous bronze statue--David.
      3. Perspective

         Nota:

         • In the Renaissance, artist started to apply the new technique of perspective in their paintings. Perspective in paintings was the level of realistic. For example, artists used lines, depths, background, and different sizes of objects to show the distance, making the painting more realistic.  
         1. Leonardo Da Vinci

            Nota:

            • Leonardo Da Vinci was a very talented artist. He was talented at painting, sculpting, architect, and engineer. He created the world's most famous painting--- Mona Lisa.   
         2. Michelangelo

            Nota:

            • Michelangelo was talented at sculpture and painting. He sculpted the world's most famous sculpture---David
   3. Politics

      Nota:

      • In the Renaissance, many rich family control the govern right of the place. 
      1. Niccolò Machiavelli

         Nota:

         • Niccolò Machiavelli was born in 1469, Italy. He wrote a famous book called The Prince. In the book, Machiavelli argue against humanism. 
   4. Power of the Church and Kings Challenged

      Nota:

      • In the Renaissance, the church dominated most of the things, such as dissecting human bodies. The church in the Renaissance was challenged by independent and logical thinkers. They challenge the church by making new ideas by studying and exploring subjects, such as science and medicine. 
      1. Non Religious Themes

         Nota:

         • In the Renaissance, science work did not include any religious themes. Scientists usually disobey the church by performing human dissections.
         1. Science

            Nota:

            • In the Renaissance, many great scientist such as Vesalius, find new methods to perform medical treatment. 
            1. Medicine

               Nota:

               • In the Renaissance, medicine was not commonly used. The Europeans had little information about medicine and other treatment. As a result, they copied what the Muslim doctors's method. 
               1. Andreas Vesalius

                  Nota:

                  • Andreas Vesalius was born in 1512, Belgium. He discover a way to perform surgery, and he became the first surgeon in the world.
            2. Nicolaus Copernicus

               Nota:

               • Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Poland, 1473. Copernicus proved that the idea the church gave them, Earth was the centre of the universe, was wrong. His discovery was that the Earth orbits around the sun. 
            3. Galileo Galilei

               Nota:

               • Galileo Galilei was born in Italy, 1564. His used gravity to test 2 different object with different weights, and dropping them to the ground. He proved that 1 heavy object and 1 light object will drop at the same time if they are at the same height. Also, he invented the first telescope, and he use the telescope to discover Jupiter and sun spot.
            4. Printing

               Nota:

               • Printing technique was originally invented in China. The idea of printing press spread to Europe. The Chinese used wood blocks to print books. In Europe, Gutenberg improved the technique of printing. 
               1. Johannes Gutenberg

                  Nota:

                  • Johannes Gutenberg was born in Germany, 1468. He improved the printing method and invented a printing press that used moveable types, so it can be used for a several times, making it easier to print. 
                  1. Famous Printed Bible

                     Nota:

                     • The famous printed bible was referring to the Gutenberg Bible. It was the first book printed in the west with moveable metal type. There are 50,000 sheets of paper used in this book. 
4. Humanism

   Nota:

   • Humanism was the belief of the potential and worth of individuals. Philosophers changed the old belief that God is the power, instead human had their own mind to pursue knowledge and independent thinking.
   1. Independent Thinking

      Nota:

      • In the Renaissance, people started to have their own ideas instead of believing everything the church said to them. Many scientist and scholars had new ideas and new informations that helped the modern study. 
   2. Petrarch

      Nota:

      • He was born in Italy 1304. 
   3. William Shakespeare

      Nota:

      • He was born in 1564 in England. He was a great actor and playwright. His famous work are Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, etc. His works are influenced by humanism, and he created many work that had a good understanding of human emotions and behaviours. Tragedies and comedies he wrote were very popular. 
5. Florence, Italy

   Nota:

   • The Renaissance started in Florence, Italy. Many scholars in the Renaissance are from Italy. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci
   1. The Medici Family

      Nota:

      • The Medici Family is the rich that rule Florence. They control the board of the city-states. 
      1. Patrons

         Nota:

         • The Medici Family in Florence is the patrons of artists. They hire them to work for them, and it makes the arts more popular in Italy.