Demographic transition model

Demographic transition model

1. Stage 1-

   • High Fluctuating
     • high birth rate
       • no eduction
       • cant afford contraception
     • high death rate
       • cant afford healthcare

2. Stage 2-

   • Early expanding
     • high birth rate
     • decreasing death rate
       • health care is improving
   • Gambia

3. Stage 3-

   • Late expanding
     • Birth rate high but beginning to decrease
       • more contraception
     • high number of economically active
       • can afford healthcare
         • death rate decreases

4. Stage 4-

   • Low stationary

5. Stage 5-

   • Low fluctuating
     • low birth rate
       • woman are focusing on their careers rather than having children
     • low death rate
       • death rate is slightly higher than birth rate
   • Japan

6. Population structure

   • Stage 1
     • high amount of young dependants
     • very few elderly dependants
     • Botswana
       • Life expectancy- 47
         • diseases/ HIV
   • Stage 3-
     • elderly dependants increase
     • economically active is high
       • more people paying taxes
     • India
       • life expectancy- 65
   • Stage 5-
     • high elderly dependants
       • advances in health care
     • young dependants are decreasing
     • decrease in total population
       • however there are high levels of immigration into stage 5 countries such as Germany

7. indicators

   • birth rate
     • the number of births per 1,000 per year
   • death rate
     • the number of deaths per 1,000 per year
   • fertility rate
     • the number of live births per 1,000 woman aged 15-49 in 1 year
       • advantage- shows womans health in a population
       • only refers to females
   • life expectancy
     • the expected amount of years a person will live to from birth
   • infant mortality rate
     • the number of infants under the of 1 who have died per year
       • countries with a high IMR suggests that they are more prone to natural disasters and diseases and illnesses are more prevalent in these areas
   • GDP
     • average income per person per country
   • adult literacy rate
     • the percentage of adults who can read and write
   • population measures can be used as an indicator of development