population

population

1. birth rate

   • number of live births per 1000 people in the population per year
   • Why low?
     • economics benefits
       • high costs of living
     • socio-cultural values
       • preference for smaller families
     • policies
       • one child policies
   • Why high?
     • economics benefits
       • for farm labour
     • socio-cultural values
       • son-preference
     • policies
       • pro-natal government policies

2. death rate

   • number of deaths per 1000 people in the population per year
   • Why low?
     • improvement of healthcare and vaccinations
     • improvement in sewerage facilities
     • access to food supply
   • Why high?
     • diseases like typhoid and cholera
     • famines
     • poor healthcare

3. natural increase

   • Birth rate - death rate
   • pull and push factors

4. total population change

   • includes
     • birth rate
     • emigration
     • immigration
     • death rate
   • population increase = natural increase + net migration

5. infant mortality rate

   • number of infants who pass away before reaching one year of age per 1000 live births per year
   • e.g. sub-Saharan region of Africa

6. migration

   • rural urban migration
     • urban populations continue to expand, adding pressure to resources and the environment
   • migration for work
     • typically from less developed countries to developed countries for economic reasons

7. total fertility rate(TFR)

   • average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime

8. dependency ratio

   • ratio of number of economically non-active people to the number of economically active people in the country

9. population density

   • total number of people per unit area of land
   • total population / total area(km square)

10. population pyramids

11. demographic transition model