Period 7

Period 7

1. U.S. Diplomacy

   • U.S. sets eyes on the Pacific and Asia
     • Treaty Wanghsia 1858 opens U.S. ports in China
       • W. McKinley found Open Door policy for China that stated as long as Europeans respected boundaries, they could trade freely
         • Boxer rebellion: Chinese nationalists rebel against white people
           • unites Europeans and U.S.
     • Treaty of Kanagawa 1854 gradually opens up Japanese interest
     • U.S. expands in Pacific do to expanding navy (A.T. Mahan)
       • U.S. acquires Hawaii to form naval base
     • The Philippines
       • unorganized territory and non-citizens
   • U.S. involved in New Imperialism
     • economic competition
     • Social Darwinism and white man's burden
       • Josiah Strong "Our Country" enforces Anglo-Saxon superiority
     • part of national honor
     • Altruism
     • Platinum Amendment
       • granted Americans right to interfere in foreign affairs
         • creates resentment and tension
   • The Spanish-American War
     • U.S. interest in Spanish-ruled Cuba
       • U.S. allies with Cubans in their rebellion in 1895
         • De Lome Letter and U.S.S. Maine excerbates conflict --> war
           • ends in U.S. victory and Teller amendment in which U.S. acquires Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam
   • South America
     • Puerto Rico
       • Jones Act grants them citizenship of U.S.
     • Cuba
       • yellow fever breaks out and controlled by U.S.

2. Progressivism

   • Govt. + evolution = progress
   • wanted lower class to have a more direct say in govt.
   • politically motivated journalists (muckrakerS)
     • Jacob Riis "How the Other Half Lives"
   • Social Justice
     • regulate women's labor hours and child labor restrictions
     • regulation and safety
       • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 1911
     • 16th Amendment
       • gradual income tax makes rich pay
     • prohibition
   • regulation of big business
     • Sherman Anti-trust act of 1890 breaks up monopolies from 1900-1920
   • conservation
     • national forests and national parks (transcendentalism)
   • city reform including eugenics and sterilization of insane

3. The Progressive Presidents

   • Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
     • Square Deal 1904
       • conservation
       • regulate big business
       • foods safety and regulation
     • Diplomacy
       • bigger navy (Great White fleet)
       • Roosevelt Corollary
         • modification of Monroe Doctrine that declares U.S. right to intervene in foreign affairs
   • William Howard Taft
     • Diplomacy
       • Japan agrees to China's Open Door policy
       • Gentleman's Agreement 1907
     • Ballinger-Pinchot controversy splinters conservative Republicans and progressive Republicans
   • Woodrow Wilson
     • Diplomacy
       • idealistic and inexperienced/pacifist
         • moral diplomacy: not do what's best for America, but what is best for the world
         • negotiated Cooling Off Treaties