Atoms,Compounds And Isotopes

Atoms,Compounds And Isotopes

1. Ionic Bonding

   • Metal atoms form positive ions, while non-metal atoms form negative ions. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are called ionic bonds.
     • Metal atoms lose the electron, or electrons, in their highest energy level and become positively charged ions
     • Non-metal atoms gain an electron, or electrons, from another atom to become negatively charged ions
   • Conducts electricity when molten or in solution.
   • Very Strong electrostatic force
   • High Melting Point And Boiling Point

2. Compounds are substances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined.

3. Isotopes

   • Isotopes are different atomic forms of the same element which have the SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS
   • SAME atomic number

4. Covalent Bonding ( SHARING OF ELECTRONS)

   • Can only share electrons in outer shells
   • Structure
     • Simple Molecular
       • Very strong covalent bonds
       • Forces of attraction is weak
       • Low melting Point And Boiling
       • DON'T conduct electricity as no ions or electrical charge
     • Giant Covalent
       • No Charged Ions
       • Very Strong Covalent Bond
       • High MTP and BP
       • Diamond
         • 4 Covalent Rigid Bonds
       • Silicon Dioxide
         • What sand is made of
       • Graphite
         • Each Carbon Atom Forms 3 Coavlent Bonds
           • Creates Layers That Are Free To Slide
             • Soft And Slippery
               • Only metal which is good conductor of electricity and heat

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