Metabolism: Nov 6 2014

Metabolism: Nov 6 2014

1. Structure

   • pathway
     • Catabolic
       • degradation of biomolecule
         • polymer
         • fat
         • sugar
         • protein
       • oxidative process
         • reduce co factor
           • NADH
           • NADPH
           • FADH2
       • exorgonic
         • spontaneous
     • anabolic
       • synthesize biomolecule
         • increase energy
       • reduction
         • oxidize cofactor
           • use ATP
           • FAD
           • NADP+
           • NAD+
   • Metabolite
     • form stable intermediate
       • form stable products
         • change in original reactant
   • organize series of reactions

2. Purpose

   • energy
     • cause change in cell
       • movement
         • cell
         • molecule
       • growth
       • make/break biomolecule
     • photosynthesis
       • use light
     • non photosynthetic
       • carbs
       • fat
     • drive thermodynamically unfavourable reactions

3. Activated Carriers

   • store energy
     • NAD+
       • nicotinamide ring
         • attacked by H
         • need niacin vitamin
       • oxidizing agent
         • becomes reduced
           • gain H
             • store 1 electron
     • FAD
       • OXIDIZING AGENT
         • reduce to FADH2
           • holds 2 electrons
         • C-C to C=C
   • 2 Carbon fragment
     • coenzyme A (S-CoA)
       • from vitamin D5
     • Acetyl group
       • C-S-CoA
         • molecule more reactive
           • activated for reaction
     • Acyl CoA
       • fat
   • temporary electron carrier
     • via cofactor

4. types

   • heterotrophs
     • feed on others
       • carbon
       • fat
     • aerobes
       • use O2
     • anaerobes
       • no O2
   • Autrotrophs
     • self feed
       • CO2

5. Stages

   • 1. Digestion
     • break down molecules
     • a preparatory stage
     • no ATP made
   • Stage 2
     • make small substrate
       • make Acetyl Co A
         • end up with some ATP
         • from
           • protein (amino acid)
           • polysaccharide (glucose+sugar)
           • fat (fatty acid + glycerol)
   • stage 3
     • acetyl group
       • oxidation
         • lots of ATP
       • Acetyl CoA
         • CoA
         • Citric Acid cycle
           • 2 CO2
           • 8 electrons
             • oxidative phosphorylation
               • lots of ATP
               • water released