The internet

The internet

1. Data packets

2. Connectivity

   • Internet made possible through fiber optic cables
     • Fiber optic glass thread is used in modern cables with up to 1,000 fibres in a single cable
   • The ability to connect to or communicate with another computer or computer system.
   • For each mile of cable 133 miles of copper and iron wire was needed(when in 1858 the first cable was made and was 2,500 miles of cable was laid across the Atlantic
   • More cables means those countries use more internet and there's more connectivity
   • Connection speeds measured in Mbps(Mega bits per second).How fast data can be transferred
   • Bandwidth
     • Amount of data that can be sent from one place to another in a certain amount of time
     • The amount of data can be sent depends on the size of the bandwidth
     • Measured in bits per second(bit rate)
     • Download speed faster than upload speed as internet providers believe that many more people download things from the internet than upload so they increase the download speed
     • Potential bandwidth can be many terabytes per second
   • Broadband-High-speed connection to the internet
   • 8 bites =byte
     • 1 bit=0 or 1
     • 4 bits=a nibble
     • 1kilobyte(KB)=1,000 bytes,8000 bits
     • 1Megabyte(MB)=1,000Kb,8,000,000 bits
       • Gigabyte(GB)=8,000,000,000 bits,1,000 Mb
         • terabyte(TB)=8,000,000,000,000 bits,1,000 Gb
           • Petabyte(PB)=8,000,000,000,000,000 bits,1,000Tb
   • Megabits to meganyte then divide by 8 for speed of 1 megabyte
   • Buffer-region of a physical memory storage used to temporarily store data while it is being moved from one place to another. ... However, a buffer may be used when moving data between processes within a computer.
   • Medium(used for network connection)
     • Network media refers to the communication channels used to interconnect nodes on a computer network. Typical examples of network media include copper coaxial cable, copper twisted pair cables and optical fiber cables used in wired networks, and radio waves used in wireless data communications networks.
   • Wireless connection
     • A wireless network allows devices to stay connected to the network but roam untethered to any wires. Access points amplify Wi-Fi signals, so a device can be far from a router but still be connected to the network.
   • ISP-Internet service provider for e.g.BT,Sky
   • To find out speed- speed=distance/time and then you have to convert to bits then divide by the time.

3. The internet

   • E.g. www.abc.co.uk/images/logo.jpg
     • .fr-france based,.de-germany based,.com-commercial
     • abc-name of organisation .co-a company .uk-based in UK /images-folder location /logo.jpg-filename on the site
   • in https://(hypertext transfer protocol) the s means secure. Using https means the website has data protection meaning the website is safe.A set of rules that allows communication over the internet
   • URL(uniform resource locator)-web address.They're all unique
   • World Wide Web(WWW.)-Collection of web pages.Accessed via Internet.Stored on computers all over the world .No owner. No central storage
   • Internet-A group of inter-connected networks.A big network of different networks connected together
   • Network-when two or more computers are connected to share info,or printers . A group of inter-connected devices to share information

4. Fiber optic cables vs copper wires

   • Fiber optic is faster as the speed of light is faster than the speed of electrons
   • Copper wires are cheaper as the actual material is cheaper. Loss of data through copper cables as lots of electromagnetic interference
   • Less interference with fiber optic cables
   • Wi-Fi
     • Cheaper
     • Easy to install
     • Affected by thick walls and flaws
     • Signal depends on distance
     • Slower
     • Lower bandwidth
   • Fiber optics are more expensive
   • Buffer-When moving data from one device to another is
   • Streaming-filming something live and other people can see it live i.e.something that hasn't been downloaded

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