Biomaterials (Introduction)

Biomaterials (Introduction)

1. Applications

   • Biomedical implants used in entire body: -Temporary: Plasters, contact lens, -Degradable: Sutures, -Permanent: Pacemakers, joint replacement
     • Clinical needs: 1. Heart diseases: Pace maker, 2. Diabetes: Drugs Deliver, 3. Road traffic accidents: Body parts transplant or implant
     • Tissue Engineering
       • Development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function
       • Tissue Grafting
         • Autograft
           • Tissue transplanted from the same host. Donor = host
         • Allograft
           • Transplant of tissue or organ from the same species with different genotype
         • Xenograft
           • Graft from a different species. Eg; animal to human
     • Grades of Medical Implants
       • CE Marking
       • FDA Grades
   • Transplantation
     • Advantages
       • Long-term solution
       • Architecture
       • Functional
     • Disadvantages
       • Expensive
       • Limited supply
       • Ethics issues
       • Immuno-supressant
   • Implantation
     • Advantages
       • Low cost
       • High supply
       • Customizable
       • Reproducible
     • Disadvantages
       • Short-term
       • Adverse effects; rusting

2. What?

   • A biomaterial is a nonviable material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological system
     • Key: "Biocompatibility" - Ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application.
       • Eg; Resistance to blood clot, bacterial colonization and uncomplicated healing
       • -Intimate contact with host / living tissue - Does not cause any adverse effects on host tissues or organs

3. History

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